Smart John D
School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.
Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2004;21(4):319-44. doi: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.v21.i4.20.
The delivery of therapeutic agents to, or via, the oral cavity is limited by the efficient removal mechanisms that exist in this area. Bioadhesive formulations have been developed to allow prolonged localized therapy and enhanced systemic delivery. The oral mucosa however, while avoiding first-pass effects, is a formidable barrier to drug absorption, especially for "biopharmaceutical" products arising from the recent innovations in genomics and proteomics. Bioadhesive polymers are typically hydrophilic macromolecules containing numerous hydrogen-bonding groups. Second-generation bioadhesives include modified or new polymers that allow enhanced adhesion and/or drug delivery, along with site-specific ligands such as lectins. Over the last 20 years, a range of bioadhesive formulations have been developed for the oral cavity, but only comparatively few have found their way onto the market. This review will consider some recent developments in the use of bioadhesive buccal systems, notably the development of new polymers, advanced delivery systems, and the exploitation of the multifunctional properties of some bioadhesives.
治疗剂向口腔内或通过口腔的递送受到该区域存在的有效清除机制的限制。已经开发出生物粘附制剂以实现延长的局部治疗和增强的全身递送。然而，口腔粘膜虽然避免了首过效应，但对于药物吸收而言是一个巨大的障碍，特别是对于基因组学和蛋白质组学近期创新产生的“生物制药”产品。生物粘附聚合物通常是含有众多氢键基团的亲水性大分子。第二代生物粘附剂包括改性聚合物或新型聚合物，它们能够增强粘附力和/或药物递送，同时还包括位点特异性配体，如凝集素。在过去20年中，已经开发出一系列用于口腔的生物粘附制剂，但只有相对较少的产品进入市场。本综述将探讨生物粘附颊部系统应用方面的一些最新进展，特别是新型聚合物、先进递送系统的开发，以及对某些生物粘附剂多功能特性的利用。
