Sánchez-Ramos I, Hernández C A, Castañera P, Ortego F
CSIC, CIB, Dpto. de Biología de Plantas, Madrid, Spain.
Med Vet Entomol. 2004 Dec;18(4):378-86. doi: 10.1111/j.0269-283X.2004.00518.x.
Trypsin, chymotrypsin, cathepsins B and D, aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidases A and B were detected in body extracts of the storage mite Acarus farris (Oudemans) (Astigmata: Acaridae). Faeces-enriched medium exhibited higher (10-50-fold) specific protease activity rates than those measured with mite body extracts for trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidases A and B, suggesting that they are involved in mite digestion. However, the activity of cathepsin B was only three-fold higher in faecal than in body extracts, indicating that its presence in the lumen of the digestive tract is low compared to that of serine proteases. The activity of aminopeptidases was higher in mite bodies, indicating that they might be membrane bound. Cathepsin D activity was only detected in body extracts, indicating that this enzyme is not a digestive protease in this species. Zymograms resolved three major bands of gelatinolytic activity, but at least one protease form was only present in body extracts. Protease inhibitors of different specificity were tested in vivo to establish their potential as control agents. The development of A. farris was significantly retarded when the immature stages were fed on artificial diet containing inhibitors of serine and cysteine proteases and aminopeptidases, whereas no such effect was found with inhibitors of aspartyl proteases and carboxypeptidases. Interestingly, the most significant effects on A. farris occurred when a combination of inhibitors targeting different enzyme classes was supplied mixed in the diet, suggesting a synergistic toxicity. Several plant lectins were also tested, but only wheat germ agglutinin and concanavalin-A affected development.
在储存螨类法氏粉螨（Acarus farris）（奥氏粉螨）（粉螨目：粉螨科）的虫体提取物中检测到了胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶、组织蛋白酶B和D、氨肽酶以及羧肽酶A和B。富含粪便的培养基中胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶以及羧肽酶A和B的比蛋白酶活性率比用螨体提取物测得的高（10 - 50倍），这表明它们参与螨类的消化过程。然而，粪便中组织蛋白酶B的活性仅比虫体提取物中的高3倍，这表明与丝氨酸蛋白酶相比，其在消化道管腔中的含量较低。氨肽酶的活性在螨体中较高，这表明它们可能与膜结合。组织蛋白酶D的活性仅在虫体提取物中检测到，这表明该酶在该物种中不是消化蛋白酶。酶谱分析解析出三条主要的明胶水解活性带，但至少有一种蛋白酶形式仅存在于虫体提取物中。在体内测试了不同特异性的蛋白酶抑制剂，以确定它们作为控制剂的潜力。当未成熟阶段的粉螨取食含有丝氨酸和半胱氨酸蛋白酶以及氨肽酶抑制剂的人工饲料时，其发育显著受阻，而天冬氨酸蛋白酶和羧肽酶抑制剂则没有这种效果。有趣的是，当将针对不同酶类的抑制剂组合添加到饲料中时，对粉螨的影响最为显著，这表明存在协同毒性。还测试了几种植物凝集素，但只有麦胚凝集素和伴刀豆球蛋白A影响发育。
