Feather N T
School of Psychology, The Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 1999;3(2):86-107. doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0302_1.
This article presents a review and conceptual analysis of the concept of deservingness that incorporates the effects of personal values, perceived responsibility, ingroup-outgroup relations, and like-dislike relations. Selected studies show that reactions to another's success or failure and to the rise or fall of "tall poppies" or high achievers depends on the degree to which the positive or negative outcome is seen to be deserved; that individual differences in personal values and in value syndromes may be assumed to affect deservingness via the subjective values assigned to actions and outcomes; that group membership, status, interpersonal liking-disliking, and perceived moral character also affect judgments of deservingness; and that deservingness is a key variable that mediates how observers react to penalties imposed on the perpetrators of different kinds of offense. It is argued that the inclusion of deservingness goes beyond approaches in which perceived responsibility is accorded central status by adding a further link in the causal chain, thus enabling a more complete consideration of the effects of justice and value variables on how people react to positive and negative outcomes for both self and other.
本文对应得概念进行了综述和概念分析，该分析纳入了个人价值观、感知责任、内群体-外群体关系以及喜欢-不喜欢关系的影响。部分研究表明，对他人成功或失败以及对“出头鸟”或高成就者兴衰的反应，取决于正面或负面结果被视为应得的程度；个人价值观和价值综合征的个体差异可能会通过赋予行动和结果的主观价值来影响应得性；群体成员身份、地位、人际喜欢-不喜欢以及感知到的道德品质也会影响应得性判断；并且应得性是一个关键变量，它介导观察者对不同类型犯罪的犯罪者所受惩罚的反应。有人认为，纳入应得性超越了将感知责任置于核心地位的方法，通过在因果链中增加一个进一步的环节，从而能够更全面地考虑正义和价值变量对人们如何对自身和他人的正面和负面结果做出反应的影响。
