Bartolomucci Alessandro, Palanza Paola, Sacerdote Paola, Panerai Alberto E, Sgoifo Andrea, Dantzer Robert, Parmigiani Stefano
Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2005 Feb;29(1):67-81. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.06.009. Epub 2004 Dec 9.
The stress-response is adaptive in the short-term, but it can be maladaptive if sustained levels of its mediators are chronically maintained. Furthermore, not all individuals exposed to chronic stress will progress to disease. Thus, understanding the causes of individual differences and the consequences of variation in vulnerability is of major importance. The aim of this review is to shed light on this issue by presenting a new naturalistic model of chronic psychosocial stress in male mice. Resident/intruder pairs of mice lived in continuous sensory contact and physically interacted daily. Four categories were identified: Resident Dominant, Resident Subordinate (RS), Intruder Dominant, and Intruder Subordinate. Behavior, autonomic and immune functions, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical responses, brain cytokine expression and cardiac histology were investigated in stress-exposed mice. Certain stress-induced alterations were present in all mice independent of their social status, while others clearly differentiated dominants from subordinates. RS mice showed a unique profile of alterations suggesting that the loss of relevant resources, such as the territory, is the key factor determining why only certain stress-exposed individuals ultimately show malignancy and psychopathologies.
应激反应在短期内具有适应性，但如果其介质的持续水平长期维持，可能会产生适应不良。此外，并非所有暴露于慢性应激的个体都会发展为疾病。因此，了解个体差异的原因以及易感性变化的后果至关重要。本综述的目的是通过提出一种雄性小鼠慢性心理社会应激的新自然主义模型来阐明这一问题。将小鼠的定居者/入侵者配对，使其生活在持续的感官接触中，并每天进行身体互动。确定了四类：定居者占主导地位、定居者从属（RS）、入侵者占主导地位和入侵者从属。对暴露于应激的小鼠的行为、自主神经和免疫功能、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质反应、脑细胞因子表达和心脏组织学进行了研究。某些应激诱导的改变在所有小鼠中都存在，与它们的社会地位无关，而其他改变则明显区分了占主导地位和从属地位的小鼠。RS小鼠表现出独特的改变特征，表明相关资源（如领地）的丧失是决定为什么只有某些暴露于应激的个体最终表现出恶性肿瘤和精神病理学的关键因素。
