Efendic S, Portwood N
Department of Molecular Medicine, The Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
Horm Metab Res. 2004 Nov-Dec;36(11-12):742-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-826157.
Incretins are hormones released by nutrients from the GI tract. They amplify glucose-induced insulin release. By raising circulating incretin levels, oral glucose provokes a higher insulin response than that resulting from intravenous glucose. The two most important incretin hormones are glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). In patients with type 2 diabetes, the incretin effect is decreased, mainly due to loss of the GIP-regulated second phase of insulin secretion, and because of a decreased secretion of GLP-1. In addition to its insulinotropic effect, GLP-1 inhibits glucagon release, prolongs gastric emptying, and leads to decreases in body-weight, all of which explain the marked antidiabetogenic effect of this incretin hormone.
肠促胰岛素是胃肠道营养物质释放的激素。它们可增强葡萄糖诱导的胰岛素释放。通过提高循环中的肠促胰岛素水平，口服葡萄糖比静脉注射葡萄糖引发更高的胰岛素反应。两种最重要的肠促胰岛素激素是葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽（GIP）和胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）。在2型糖尿病患者中，肠促胰岛素效应降低，主要是由于GIP调节的胰岛素分泌第二阶段丧失，以及GLP-1分泌减少。除了促胰岛素作用外，GLP-1还抑制胰高血糖素释放，延长胃排空时间，并导致体重减轻，所有这些都解释了这种肠促胰岛素激素显著的抗糖尿病作用。
