Brault Aaron C, Langevin Stanley A, Bowen Richard A, Panella Nicholas A, Biggerstaff Brad J, Miller Barry R, Komar Nicholas
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2004 Dec;10(12):2161-8. doi: 10.3201/eid1012.040486.
Crow deaths were observed after West Nile virus (WNV) was introduced into North America, and this phenomenon has subsequently been used to monitor the spread of the virus. To investigate potential differences in the crow virulence of different WNV strains, American Crows were inoculated with Old World strains of WNV from Kenya and Australia (Kunjin) and a North American (NY99) WNV genotype. Infection of crows with NY99 genotype resulted in high serum viremia levels and death; the Kenyan and Kunjin genotypes elicited low viremia levels and minimal deaths but resulted in the generation of neutralizing antibodies capable of providing 100% protection from infection with the NY99 strain. These results suggest that genetic alterations in NY99 WNV are responsible for the crow-virulent phenotype and that increased replication of this strain in crows could spread WNV in North America.
西尼罗河病毒（WNV）传入北美后出现了乌鸦死亡现象，这一现象随后被用于监测该病毒的传播。为了研究不同WNV毒株对乌鸦的潜在毒力差异，给美洲乌鸦接种了来自肯尼亚和澳大利亚（昆金）的旧大陆WNV毒株以及一种北美（NY99）WNV基因型毒株。感染NY99基因型毒株的乌鸦出现了高血清病毒血症水平并死亡；肯尼亚和昆金基因型毒株引发的病毒血症水平较低且死亡极少，但产生了能够提供100%保护使其免受NY99毒株感染的中和抗体。这些结果表明，NY99 WNV的基因改变是导致其对乌鸦具有毒力表型的原因，并且该毒株在乌鸦体内复制增加可能会使WNV在北美传播。
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