Maril Anat, Simons Jon S, Weaver Josh J, Schacter Daniel L
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, USA.
Neuroimage. 2005 Feb 15;24(4):1130-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.10.024. Epub 2004 Dec 15.
Insights into memory retrieval processes can be obtained by examining graded recall success, specifically, tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) and feeling-of-knowing (FOK) states. TOT is defined as a recall failure accompanied by a strong feeling of imminent retrieval, and FOK as a recall failure accompanied by a feeling of future ability to recognize the item. The present fMRI study examined the brain regions associated with both intermediate retrieval states in a within-subject, within-memory system design. Subjects were presented with general knowledge questions and were instructed to respond to each with one of four options: Know, indicating successful retrieval of the answer; TOT; FOK; or Don't know, indicating retrieval failure. Different patterns of activation in several brain regions including prefrontal cortex were associated with TOT and FOK states. For example, TOT was associated with activation in anterior cingulate, right dorsal and inferior, and bilateral anterior, prefrontal cortex. TOT and FOK elicited similar levels of activation in parietal regions, both significantly greater than that associated with Know and Don't know responses. The results are interpreted in the light of theories of the role of prefrontal cortex in recall and cognitive conflict.
通过研究分级回忆成功率，特别是舌尖现象（TOT）和知晓感（FOK）状态，可以深入了解记忆检索过程。舌尖现象被定义为回忆失败并伴有强烈的即将检索到的感觉，知晓感则是指回忆失败并伴有未来能够识别该项目的感觉。本功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究在受试者内、记忆系统内设计中，考察了与这两种中间检索状态相关的脑区。向受试者呈现常识性问题，并指示他们用以下四种选项之一回答：知道，表明成功检索到答案；舌尖现象；知晓感；或者不知道，表明检索失败。包括前额叶皮层在内的几个脑区的不同激活模式与舌尖现象和知晓感状态相关。例如，舌尖现象与前扣带回、右侧背侧和下侧以及双侧前额叶前部皮层的激活有关。舌尖现象和知晓感在顶叶区域引发了相似程度的激活，两者均显著高于与“知道”和“不知道”回答相关的激活程度。根据前额叶皮层在回忆和认知冲突中的作用理论对结果进行了解释。
