Barber Horacio, Carreiras Manuel
Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0515, USA.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2005 Jan;17(1):137-53. doi: 10.1162/0898929052880101.
The role of grammatical gender and number representations in syntactic processes during reading in Spanish was studied using the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique. The electroencephalogram was recorded with a dense array of 128 electrodes while Spanish speakers read word pairs (Experiment 1) or sentences (Experiment 2) in which gender or number agreement relationships were manipulated. Disagreement in word pairs formed by a noun and an adjective (e.g., faro-alto [lighthouse-high]) produced an N400-type effect, while word pairs formed by an article and a noun (e.g., el-piano [the-piano]) showed an additional left anterior negativity effect (LAN). Agreement violations with the same words inserted in sentences (e.g., El piano estaba viejo y desafinado [the (m-s)piano (m-s) was old (m-s) and off-key]) resulted in a pattern of LAN-P600. This effect was found both when the violation occurred in the middle of the sentence (at the adjective), as well as when this happened at the beginning of the sentence (at the noun), but the last segment of the P600 effect was greater for the middle sentence position, which could indicate differences in the complexity of reanalysis processes. Differences between grammatical gender and number disagreement were found in late measures. In the word pairs experiment, P3 peak latency varied across conditions, being later for gender than for number disagreement. Similarly, in the sentence experiment, the last segment of the P600 effect was greater for gender than for number violations. These event-related potentials (ERPs) effects lend support to the idea that reanalysis or repair processes after grammatical disagreement detection could involve more steps in the case of gender disagreement, as grammatical gender is a feature of the lexical representation in contrast to number, which is considered a morphological feature that combines with the stem of the word.
利用事件相关电位（ERP）技术研究了西班牙语阅读过程中语法性和数的表征在句法加工中的作用。以密集排列的128个电极记录说西班牙语者阅读单词对（实验1）或句子（实验2）时的脑电图，其中单词对或句子中的性或数的一致关系受到操控。由名词和形容词构成的单词对中出现不一致（如，faro-alto [灯塔-高]）会产生N400类型的效应，而由冠词和名词构成的单词对（如，el-piano [the-钢琴]）则显示出额外的左前负性效应（LAN）。将相同的单词插入句子中出现一致关系违背的情况（如，El piano estaba viejo y desafinado [the (阳性单数)钢琴(阳性单数) was old (阳性单数) and off-key]）会导致LAN-P600模式。当违背情况出现在句子中间（在形容词处）以及出现在句子开头（在名词处）时均发现了这种效应，但P600效应的最后一段在句子中间位置时更大，这可能表明重新分析过程的复杂性存在差异。在后期测量中发现了语法性和数不一致之间的差异。在单词对实验中，P3峰值潜伏期因条件而异，性不一致时比数不一致时更晚出现。同样，在句子实验中，P600效应的最后一段在性违背时比数违背时更大。这些事件相关电位（ERP）效应支持了这样一种观点，即检测到语法不一致后的重新分析或修复过程在性不一致的情况下可能涉及更多步骤，因为与数相比，语法性是词汇表征的一个特征，数被认为是与词干结合的形态特征，而数被认为是与词干结合的形态特征。
