Malone Stephen M, Taylor Jeanette, Marmorstein Naomi R, McGue Matt, Iacono William G
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2004 Fall;16(4):943-66. doi: 10.1017/s0954579404040088.
Genetic and environmental influences on symptoms of adult antisocial behavior (AAB) and alcohol dependence at ages 17, 20, and 24 were examined cross-sectionally and longitudinally in 188 monozygotic and 101 dizygotic male twin pairs. A moderate genetic influence on both AAB and alcohol dependence was found at each age, with a substantial proportion of this influence common to the two disorders, suggesting they share susceptibility genes. Biometrical models showed that continuity effects accounted for most of the stable variance in symptoms of both AAB and alcohol dependence, indicating that genetic and environmental effects associated with each of these disorders were similar at each age. Significant cross-lag effects (effects of alcohol dependence contributing to variance in AAB and vice versa) were observed at ages 20 and 24 for both disorders. The largest and theoretically most interesting of these effects indicated that one sixth of the genetic influence on AAB at age 20 was due to genetic effects associated with alcohol dependence at age 17. Thus, alcohol dependence symptoms at age 17 in particular had an effect on antisocial behavior symptoms at age 20, suggesting that alcohol involvement in adolescence may ensnare otherwise desisting youth in persistent antisocial behavior.
对188对同卵双胞胎和101对异卵双胞胎男性进行了横断面和纵向研究，以探究遗传和环境因素对17岁、20岁和24岁成年人反社会行为（AAB）症状及酒精依赖的影响。研究发现，在每个年龄段，AAB和酒精依赖都受到中等程度的遗传影响，且这两种疾病有很大一部分影响因素是共同的，这表明它们共享易感基因。生物统计学模型显示，连续性效应在AAB和酒精依赖症状的大部分稳定变异中起作用，这表明与这两种疾病相关的遗传和环境效应在每个年龄段都是相似的。在20岁和24岁时，两种疾病都观察到了显著的交叉滞后效应（酒精依赖对AAB变异有影响，反之亦然）。其中最大且理论上最有趣的效应表明，20岁时对AAB的遗传影响中有六分之一是由于17岁时与酒精依赖相关的遗传效应。因此，特别是17岁时的酒精依赖症状对20岁时的反社会行为症状有影响，这表明青少年时期饮酒可能会使原本可能停止反社会行为的年轻人陷入持续的反社会行为中。
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