Ren Lei, Jones Richard K, Howard David
Centre for Rehabilitation and Human Performance Research, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK.
J Biomech. 2005 Apr;38(4):853-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.04.030.
This paper describes an investigation into the biomechanical effects of load carriage dynamics on human locomotion performance. A whole body, inverse dynamics gait model has been developed which uses only kinematic input data to define the gait cycle. To provide input data, three-dimensional gait measurements have been conducted to capture whole body motion while carrying a backpack. A nonlinear suspension model is employed to describe the backpack dynamics. The model parameters for a particular backpack system can be identified using a dynamic load carriage test-rig. Biomechanical assessments have been conducted based on combined gait and pack simulations. It was found that the backpack suspension stiffness and damping have little effect on human locomotion energetics. However, decreasing suspension stiffness offers important biomechanical advantages. The peak values of vertical pack force, acting on the trunk, and lower limb joint loads are all moderated. This would reduce shoulder strap pressures and the risk of injury when heavy loads are carried.
本文描述了一项关于负载携带动力学对人体运动性能的生物力学影响的研究。已开发出一种全身逆动力学步态模型，该模型仅使用运动学输入数据来定义步态周期。为了提供输入数据，已进行三维步态测量以捕捉背负背包时的全身运动。采用非线性悬架模型来描述背包动力学。特定背包系统的模型参数可使用动态负载携带试验台来确定。已基于步态和背包模拟相结合的方式进行了生物力学评估。结果发现，背包悬架的刚度和阻尼对人体运动能量学影响不大。然而，降低悬架刚度具有重要的生物力学优势。作用于躯干的垂直背包力峰值以及下肢关节负荷均有所减轻。这将降低肩带压力以及负重时受伤的风险。
