Bell A C, Kremer P J, Magarey A M, Swinburn B A
Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 May;59(5):639-45. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602091.
The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating is based on five core food groups and water. Foods or beverages that do not fit into these groups are considered extra or 'noncore'. We tested the hypotheses that noncore foods and beverages make a greater proportional contribution to mean daily energy intakes of: (1) children, compared with other age groups; and (2) overweight and obese children, compared with healthy weight children.
DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS: We used data from 13 858 participants aged 2 to 80+ y who had 24-h dietary recall data collected in the 1995 cross-sectional Australian National Nutrition Survey. ANOVA was used to compare the percentage of energy provided by noncore foods and beverages by age and weight status.
Children (5 to 12 y) and adolescents (13 to 18 y) obtained significantly more (P < 0.001) of their daily food energy from noncore foods (41.5 and 43.4%, respectively) than all other age groups. These age groups also obtained significantly more (P < 0.001) of their daily beverage energy from noncore beverages (30.7 and 36.9%, respectively). Results were not consistent with weight status, although very young (2-4 y) obese children obtained significantly more energy (P < 0.05) from noncore beverages than children in a healthy weight range. Younger children may also have consumed a greater quantity of foods and beverages. Under-reporting may have obscured similar results for older children.
By definition, noncore foods and beverages are surplus to the requirements of a healthy diet. We found that Australian children consume these foods and beverages in excess.
《澳大利亚健康饮食指南》基于五个核心食物类别和水制定。不符合这些类别的食物或饮料被视为额外的或“非核心”食物。我们检验了以下假设：非核心食物和饮料在以下方面对每日平均能量摄入的比例贡献更大：（1）儿童，与其他年龄组相比；（2）超重和肥胖儿童，与健康体重儿童相比。
设计、地点和研究对象：我们使用了来自13858名年龄在2岁至80岁以上参与者的数据，这些数据来自1995年澳大利亚全国营养横断面调查中收集的24小时饮食回忆数据。采用方差分析来比较不同年龄和体重状况下非核心食物和饮料所提供能量的百分比。
儿童（5至12岁）和青少年（13至18岁）从非核心食物中获取的每日食物能量显著多于所有其他年龄组（分别为41.5%和43.4%，P<0.001）。这些年龄组从非核心饮料中获取的每日饮料能量也显著更多（分别为30.7%和36.9%，P<0.001）。结果与体重状况不一致，尽管极年幼（2至4岁）的肥胖儿童从非核心饮料中获取的能量显著多于健康体重范围内的儿童（P<0.05）。年幼的儿童可能也摄入了更多的食物和饮料。报告不足可能掩盖了年龄较大儿童的类似结果。
根据定义，非核心食物和饮料超出了健康饮食的需求。我们发现澳大利亚儿童过量食用这些食物和饮料。
