Jacobs R F, Darville T, Parks J A, Enderlin G
Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas, Little Rock.
Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Jan;14(1):56-65. doi: 10.1093/clinids/14.1.56.
Cefotaxime has been used to treat serious bacterial infections in children since 1982. With the predominant use of cephalosporins in pediatrics, reports of adverse effects of certain compounds have increased. A retrospective review is presented of 2,243 cases of children receiving therapy with cefotaxime in order to evaluate the safety profile and efficacy of cefotaxime in the treatment of serious infections in hospitalized children. Overall, 57 (2.5%) children experienced adverse reactions. These included local reactions in 6 (0.3%), rash in 28 (1.2%), diarrhea in 15 (0.97%), vomiting in 10 (0.7%), abdominal pain in 1 (0.1%), headache in 3 (0.4%), and drug fever in 1 (0.1%). No cases of hemolytic anemia, bleeding, or hyperbilirubinemia were found. Efficacy of treatment for different disease categories ranged from 90.5% to 100%. The percentage of children in any treatment group with a particular laboratory abnormality following initiation of cefotaxime therapy ranged from 0% to 2.6%, and rates of superinfection with bacteria or Candida were 0.4% to 1.7%. Cefotaxime has the distinct advantage of high rates of efficacy and low rates of complications and superinfection among children hospitalized for serious infections.
自1982年以来，头孢噻肟一直用于治疗儿童严重细菌感染。随着头孢菌素在儿科的广泛使用，某些化合物不良反应的报告有所增加。本文对2243例接受头孢噻肟治疗的儿童病例进行回顾性分析，以评估头孢噻肟治疗住院儿童严重感染的安全性和疗效。总体而言，57例（2.5%）儿童出现不良反应。其中包括局部反应6例（0.3%）、皮疹28例（1.2%）、腹泻15例（0.97%）、呕吐10例（0.7%）、腹痛1例（0.1%）、头痛3例（0.4%）、药物热1例（0.1%）。未发现溶血性贫血、出血或高胆红素血症病例。不同疾病类型的治疗有效率在90.5%至100%之间。头孢噻肟治疗开始后，任何治疗组中出现特定实验室异常的儿童比例在0%至2.6%之间，细菌或念珠菌二重感染率为0.4%至1.7%。对于因严重感染住院的儿童，头孢噻肟具有疗效高、并发症和二重感染率低的明显优势。
