Takimoto M, Tasaki T, Kusunoki Y, Yoshioka H, Hiramoto A, Sanae N, Tsuchida A, Maruyama S, Mukai N, Takahashi Y
Jpn J Antibiot. 1985 Jan;38(1):107-13.
Cefotaxime (CTX) was administered to 117 pediatric patients. Although 26 of these patients were excluded from the clinical evaluation of the study because other antimicrobial agents were given concomitantly with CTX or because no infectious diseases were proved, these cases were evaluated for adverse effects of the drug. The remaining 91 cases were evaluated for clinical effect; pneumonia in 56 cases, septicemia in 5, suspected septicemia in 5, meningitis (aseptic cases included) in 3, urinary tract infection in 5 and other diseases in 17. No pathogenic organisms were identified in any of the pneumonia cases, even either by bacterial culture or other laboratory test methods. Pathogens of septicemia were E. coli in 3 cases, K. pneumoniae in 1 and E. agglomerans in 1. Those of urinary tract infections were E. coli in 3 cases, a mixed infection of S. aureus and an unidentified species of Gram-negative rods in 1, and unknown in 1. Clinical effectiveness rates of CTX were 78.6% in pneumonia and 100% in septicemia, suspected septicemia and urinary tract infections. One patient with purulent meningitis caused by H. influenzae was also treated with CTX successfully. Adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 12 cases (12/117 = 10.3%); rash in 2 cases, vomiting in 1, abdominal pain in 1, diarrhea in 5, granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia in 1, eosinophilia in 3 and elevation of liver enzymes (GOT and LDH) in 1.
对117名儿科患者使用了头孢噻肟（CTX）。尽管其中26名患者因同时使用了其他抗菌药物或未证实患有传染病而被排除在该研究的临床评估之外，但对这些病例进行了药物不良反应评估。其余91例进行了临床疗效评估；其中肺炎56例，败血症5例，疑似败血症5例，脑膜炎（包括无菌性病例）3例，尿路感染5例，其他疾病17例。在任何肺炎病例中均未通过细菌培养或其他实验室检测方法鉴定出病原体。败血症的病原体为大肠杆菌3例、肺炎克雷伯菌1例、聚团肠杆菌1例。尿路感染的病原体为大肠杆菌3例、金黄色葡萄球菌与一种未鉴定的革兰氏阴性杆菌混合感染1例、1例病原体不明。CTX在肺炎中的临床有效率为78.6%，在败血症、疑似败血症和尿路感染中的临床有效率为100%。1例由流感嗜血杆菌引起的化脓性脑膜炎患者使用CTX治疗也取得成功。观察到12例（12/117 = 10.3%）出现不良反应和实验室检查异常；皮疹2例、呕吐1例、腹痛1例、腹泻5例、粒细胞减少和血小板减少1例、嗜酸性粒细胞增多3例、肝酶（谷草转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶）升高1例。
