Martínez-Donate Ana P, Rangel M Gudelia, Hovell Melbourne F, Santibáñez Jorge, Sipan Carol L, Izazola José A
Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, San Diego, San Diego State University, California 92123, USA.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2005 Jan;17(1):26-9. doi: 10.1590/s1020-49892005000100004.
Previous studies have indicated varying rates of HIV infection among labor migrants to the United States of America. Most of these studies have been conducted with convenience samples of farmworkers, thus presenting limited external validity. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection and risk factors among Mexican migrants traveling through the border region of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico, and San Diego, California, United States. This region handles 37% of the migrant flow between Mexico and the United States and represents the natural port of entry for Mexican migrants to California.
From April to December 2002 a probability survey was conducted at key migrant crossing points in Tijuana. Mexican migrants, including ones with a history of illegal migration to the United States, completed an interview on HIV risk factors (n = 1 429) and an oral HIV antibody test (n = 1,041).
Despite reporting risk factors for HIV infection, none of the migrants tested positive for HIV.
Our findings contrast with previous estimates of HIV among labor migrants in the United States that were based on nonprobability samples. Our findings also underline the need for early HIV prevention interventions targeting this population of Mexican migrants.
先前的研究表明，前往美利坚合众国的劳务移民中艾滋病毒感染率各不相同。这些研究大多是对农场工人进行的便利抽样，因此外部效度有限。本研究旨在估计穿越墨西哥下加利福尼亚州蒂华纳和美国加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥边境地区的墨西哥移民中艾滋病毒感染率及风险因素。该地区处理墨西哥和美国之间37%的移民流动，是墨西哥移民进入加利福尼亚的天然入境口岸。
2002年4月至12月，在蒂华纳的主要移民过境点进行了一项概率调查。墨西哥移民，包括有非法移民到美国历史的移民，完成了关于艾滋病毒风险因素的访谈（n = 1429）和艾滋病毒抗体口腔检测（n = 1041）。
尽管报告了艾滋病毒感染的风险因素，但没有一名移民的艾滋病毒检测呈阳性。
我们的研究结果与之前基于非概率样本对美国劳务移民中艾滋病毒的估计形成对比。我们的研究结果还强调了针对这一墨西哥移民群体进行早期艾滋病毒预防干预的必要性。
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