Magis-Rodríguez C, Lemp G, Hernandez M T, Sanchez M A, Estrada F, Bravo-García E
Centro Nacional para la Prevencion y Control del VIH/SIDA e ITS, Mexico City, Mexico.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 May 1;51 Suppl 1:S21-5. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181a26433.
Mexican migrants are at higher risk for HIV than Mexicans who do not migrate to the United States. Migration to the United States was the driving factor of the early Mexican HIV epidemic, and it is likely that it continues to strongly influence incidence. An overview of migration of Mexicans to the United States identifies many pervasive environmental and structural factors as well as risk behaviors that render migrants vulnerable to HIV infection. However, published studies sampling Mexicans while in the United States suggest a relatively low prevalence of HIV among the general migrant population. To better understand this apparent paradox, we sought to identify any demographic variables among Mexicans while in Mexico that may indicate that migrants have or acquire resources that have a protective effect from their vulnerability due to migration.
A California-Mexico binational collaboration project, with a respondent-driven sample with population-based quotas, was conducted in five Mexican states from December 2004 to January 2005, in areas with a high index of migration to the United States. We compared demographic and behavior variables of Mexicans with a history of migration to the United States in the past 12 months to nonmigrant Mexicans living in the same community.
A total of 1539 migrants and 1236 nonmigrants were recruited from five Mexican states. Migrants (men and women) reported more HIV risk behavior than nonmigrants in the past 12 months. Migrants reported more sexual partners and noninjected drug use. Migrants reported higher condom use during vaginal sex and were more likely to have taken an HIV test.
Though migrants reported higher HIV-related risk behaviors, they also reported higher condom use. Migrants were more likely to have accessed an HIV test indicating an opportunity for a prevention intervention. More binational collaborations are needed to research the different levels of vulnerability among Mexican migrants and actual acquisition of HIV infection. In addition, more research is needed to identify protective factors for HIV prevention interventions among Mexican migrant communities in Mexico and in the United States.
墨西哥移民感染艾滋病毒的风险高于未移民到美国的墨西哥人。移民到美国是墨西哥早期艾滋病毒流行的驱动因素，而且它很可能继续对发病率产生强烈影响。对墨西哥人向美国移民情况的概述表明，存在许多普遍的环境和结构因素以及使移民易感染艾滋病毒的风险行为。然而，在美国对墨西哥人进行抽样的已发表研究表明，一般移民人群中艾滋病毒的患病率相对较低。为了更好地理解这一明显的矛盾，我们试图确定墨西哥人在墨西哥时的任何人口统计学变量，这些变量可能表明移民拥有或获得了一些资源，这些资源对他们因移民而产生的脆弱性具有保护作用。
2004年12月至2005年1月，在墨西哥五个向美国移民指数较高的州开展了一个加利福尼亚 - 墨西哥双边合作项目，采用基于人群配额的应答驱动抽样方法。我们比较了在过去12个月中有移民到美国历史的墨西哥人与居住在同一社区的非移民墨西哥人的人口统计学和行为变量。
从墨西哥五个州共招募了1539名移民和1236名非移民。在过去12个月中，移民（男性和女性）报告的艾滋病毒风险行为比非移民更多。移民报告有更多性伴侣且有非注射吸毒行为。移民报告在阴道性交时使用避孕套的比例更高，并且更有可能接受过艾滋病毒检测。
尽管移民报告的与艾滋病毒相关的风险行为较多，但他们也报告了较高的避孕套使用率。移民更有可能接受过艾滋病毒检测，这表明存在预防干预的机会。需要更多的双边合作来研究墨西哥移民中不同程度的脆弱性以及艾滋病毒感染的实际情况。此外，还需要更多研究来确定墨西哥移民社区在墨西哥和美国预防艾滋病毒干预措施的保护因素。
