Paraud Carine, Hoste Hervé, Lefrileux Yves, Pommaret Alain, Paolini Virginie, Pors Isabelle, Chartier Christophe
AFSSA Site de Niort, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches Caprines, 60 rue de Pied de Fond, BP 3081, 79012 Niort Cedex, France.
Vet Res. 2005 Mar-Apr;36(2):157-66. doi: 10.1051/vetres:2004060.
The ability of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans to reduce the number of infective nematode larvae in coproculture was investigated in goats using different doses of chlamydospores (0, 1.25 x 10(5), 2.5 x 10(5), 5 x 10(5) chlamydospores/kg BW/day) given by oral administration or by voluntary consumption in feed during natural or experimental infections with nematodes. The kinetics of excretion of D. flagrans chlamydospores in the faeces was also determined using a dose of 5 x 10(5) chlamydospores/kg BW/day for five days. For all the trials, the faecal nematode egg outputs were determined by a modified McMaster method and standard coprocultures were set up (14 days, 25 degrees C) to determine the number of larvae emerging from culture in fungus treated and control faeces. When chlamydospores were orally administered, the number of larvae were reduced by 50 to 97% when compared to control cultures. No difference in the level of larval emergence from the culture was seen for experimental or natural infections at the different chlamydospore dose rates. In contrast, when chlamydospores were distributed in the feed, a dose-dependent relationship was observed 10 days after the start of administration, the larval development being 2.0%, 14.0% and 86.9% for 5 x 10(5), 2.5 x 10(5) and 0 spores/kg BW/day, respectively. In addition, the kinetic study showed that the larval emergence from coproculture in the fungus group was statistically lower than in the control group from the second day of administration of the chlamydospores and remained lower until the second day after the last administration (p < 0.05). The results indicate that, for goats in farm conditions, a minimum daily dose of 5 x 10(5) chlamydospores/kg BW must be used to ensure a high treatment efficacy and that daily administration is preferable for maintenance of efficacy over time.
在山羊身上研究了食线虫真菌弗氏节丛孢（Duddingtonia flagrans）在共培养中减少感染性线虫幼虫数量的能力，采用不同剂量的厚垣孢子（0、1.25×10⁵、2.5×10⁵、5×10⁵个厚垣孢子/千克体重/天），通过口服给药或在自然或实验性线虫感染期间让山羊在饲料中自愿采食。还使用5×10⁵个厚垣孢子/千克体重/天的剂量连续五天给药，测定了弗氏节丛孢厚垣孢子在粪便中的排泄动力学。对于所有试验，通过改良的麦克马斯特法测定粪便中线虫卵的排出量，并建立标准共培养（14天，25℃）以确定真菌处理粪便和对照粪便中培养出的幼虫数量。当口服厚垣孢子时，与对照培养物相比，幼虫数量减少了50%至97%。在不同厚垣孢子剂量率下，实验性感染或自然感染时，培养物中幼虫出现水平没有差异。相比之下，当厚垣孢子分布在饲料中时，给药开始10天后观察到剂量依赖性关系，对于5×10⁵、2.5×10⁵和0个孢子/千克体重/天的剂量，幼虫发育率分别为2.0%、14.0%和86.9%。此外，动力学研究表明，从厚垣孢子给药第二天起，真菌组共培养物中幼虫出现率在统计学上低于对照组，并且在最后一次给药后第二天之前一直较低（p＜0.05）。结果表明，对于农场条件下的山羊，必须使用至少5×10⁵个厚垣孢子/千克体重的每日剂量以确保高治疗效果，并且为了长期维持疗效，每日给药更为可取。
