Chernichovsky Dov, Anson Jon
Department of Health Systems Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
Econ Hum Biol. 2005 Mar;3(1):123-37. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2005.01.002.
Life expectancy at birth in Israel in 2001 was 77.7 years for males and 81.6 years for females among Jews, and 74.5 and 77.8 years for males and females, respectively, among Israeli Arabs. In spite of vast improvements in health conditions of the two populations since Israel's statehood in 1948, persistent disparities in life expectancy between the two groups have challenged the Israeli socialized health care system. These disparities are influenced primarily by differences between the two population groups in infant and child mortality rates. This early study suggests that the distribution of life expectancy across localities in Israel reflects the distribution of those localities' socio-economic condition index (not including health and medical care), and the distribution of medical services. The positive association between life expectancy and the index is pronounced, however, only within the Jewish population but not among Arabs. While there may be no significant difference in life expectancy among Jews and Arabs living in poorer communities, there are fewer Arabs living in relatively affluent communities. Thus, persistent higher concentration of poverty among Arabs than among Jews has sufficed to maintain the gap in life expectancy between them. In addition, however, there are population-specific effects: wealth and education are more protective among Jews than among Arabs, while medical services are more protective among Arabs.
2001年，以色列犹太男性的出生时预期寿命为77.7岁，女性为81.6岁；而以色列阿拉伯男性和女性的出生时预期寿命分别为74.5岁和77.8岁。尽管自1948年以色列建国以来，这两个人口群体的健康状况有了巨大改善，但两组人群在预期寿命上的持续差距对以色列的社会化医疗保健系统构成了挑战。这些差距主要受两个群体在婴儿和儿童死亡率方面的差异影响。这项早期研究表明，以色列各地区预期寿命的分布反映了这些地区社会经济状况指数（不包括健康和医疗保健）的分布以及医疗服务的分布。然而，预期寿命与该指数之间的正相关关系仅在犹太人群体中显著，在阿拉伯人群体中则不然。虽然生活在较贫困社区的犹太人和阿拉伯人在预期寿命上可能没有显著差异，但生活在相对富裕社区的阿拉伯人较少。因此，阿拉伯人贫困程度持续高于犹太人这一点足以维持他们之间在预期寿命上的差距。此外，还有特定人群的影响：财富和教育对犹太人的保护作用比对阿拉伯人更大，而医疗服务对阿拉伯人的保护作用更大。
