Jorm A F, Butterworth P, Anstey K J, Christensen H, Easteal S, Maller J, Mather K A, Turakulov R I, Wen W, Sachdev P
Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Psychol Med. 2004 Nov;34(8):1495-506. doi: 10.1017/s0033291704003162.
Previous research has found that depression is a major cause of memory complaints. However, there is evidence that memory complaints also weakly predict cognitive decline and dementia. The present study examined a range of possible determinants of memory complaints, covering psychiatric and personality factors, medical history, cognitive test performance, and biological risk factors for dementia (APOE genotype, hippocampus and amygdala volumes, and white-matter hyperintensities).
A community survey was carried out with 2546 persons aged 60-64 years living in Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia. Participants were asked about memory problems which interfered with daily life and whether medical help had been sought. A randomly selected subsample of 476 persons was given a brain MRI scan.
Participants with memory complaints were found to have poorer memory test performance, more depression and anxiety symptoms, have higher scores on personality traits involving negative affect, and to have worse physical health. Multivariate analyses showed that measures of cognitive performance did not make a unique contribution to the prediction of memory complaints above that of the other categories of predictors. Those with memory complaints did not differ on any of the biological risk factors for dementia.
In a community sample aged 60-64 years, memory complaints were most closely related to psychiatric symptoms, personality characteristics and poor physical health. There was no evidence of brain changes indicating early dementia.
先前的研究发现，抑郁是记忆问题的主要原因。然而，有证据表明，记忆问题也能微弱地预测认知能力下降和痴呆症。本研究调查了记忆问题的一系列可能决定因素，涵盖精神和人格因素、病史、认知测试表现以及痴呆症的生物风险因素（载脂蛋白E基因型、海马体和杏仁核体积以及白质高信号）。
对居住在澳大利亚堪培拉和昆比恩的2546名60 - 64岁的人进行了一项社区调查。参与者被问及干扰日常生活的记忆问题以及是否寻求过医疗帮助。对随机抽取的476人的子样本进行了脑部核磁共振成像扫描。
发现有记忆问题的参与者记忆测试表现较差、抑郁和焦虑症状更多、在涉及负面情绪的人格特质上得分更高，并且身体健康状况更差。多变量分析表明，认知表现指标对记忆问题预测的独特贡献并不高于其他类别预测指标。有记忆问题的人在痴呆症的任何生物风险因素方面均无差异。
在一个60 - 64岁的社区样本中，记忆问题与精神症状、人格特征和身体健康不佳最为密切相关。没有证据表明存在表明早期痴呆症的脑部变化。
