Institute of Psychology, University of Szeged, Egyetem Utca 2, Szeged, 6722, Hungary.
Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2023 Feb 14;8(1):15. doi: 10.1186/s41235-023-00469-y.
The current study addressed the relationship between subjective memory complaints and negative affect, well-being, and demographic variables by investigating the Hungarian version of Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire. The original factor structure showed a poor fit on our data; therefore, principal component analysis was conducted on data from 577 participants, ranging in age from 18 to 92 years. Our analysis provided a six-component solution: Satisfaction, Retrospective memory mistakes, Prospective memory mistakes, External Strategies, Internal Strategies, and Frustration. To improve the reliability and internal consistency indicators we created four subscales by combining Frustration with Satisfaction, and Retrospective and Prospective memory mistakes subscales. Thus, we were able to preserve the factor structure similar to the original. Subjective memory complaints were correlated positively with anxiety and depression and were associated negatively with well-being. We found a slight positive correlation between age and memory ability, and age was associated negatively with the frequency of external strategy use. Individuals with higher education were satisfied with their memory, used more frequent external strategies. Furthermore, men were more satisfied with their memory and reported better memory ability, while women tended to use more external and internal strategies. Women also showed a higher level of anxiety and depression than men. In conclusion, self-reported memory changes are of particular importance because of their association with perceived mental health status and implications for later disease development.
本研究通过调查匈牙利版多因素记忆问卷（Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire），探讨了主观记忆抱怨与负性情绪、幸福感和人口统计学变量之间的关系。原始的因子结构在我们的数据中拟合效果不佳；因此，我们对 577 名年龄在 18 至 92 岁的参与者的数据进行了主成分分析。我们的分析提供了一个六因素解决方案：满意度、回溯记忆错误、前瞻记忆错误、外部策略、内部策略和挫败感。为了提高可靠性和内部一致性指标，我们通过将挫败感与满意度以及回溯和前瞻记忆错误量表相结合，创建了四个子量表。因此，我们能够保留与原始量表相似的因子结构。主观记忆抱怨与焦虑和抑郁呈正相关，与幸福感呈负相关。我们发现年龄与记忆能力呈轻微正相关，而年龄与外部策略使用频率呈负相关。受教育程度较高的个体对自己的记忆感到满意，使用外部策略的频率也较高。此外，男性对自己的记忆更满意，报告的记忆能力也更好，而女性则倾向于使用更多的外部和内部策略。女性的焦虑和抑郁水平也高于男性。总之，自我报告的记忆变化尤为重要，因为它们与感知心理健康状况有关，并对以后的疾病发展有影响。
