Montalvo Naomi F, Mohamed Naglaa M, Enticknap Julie J, Hill Russell T
Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2005 Jan;87(1):29-36. doi: 10.1007/s10482-004-6536-x.
Actinobacteria exclusively within the sub-class Acidimicrobidae were shown by 16S rDNA community analysis to be major components of the bacterial community associated with two sponge species in the genus Xestospongia. Four groups of Actinobacteria were identified in Xestospongia spp., with three of these four groups being found in both Xestospongia muta from Key Largo, Florida and Xestospongia testudinaria from Manado, Indonesia. This suggests that these groups are true symbionts in these sponges and may play a common role in both the Pacific and Atlantic sponge species. The fourth group was found only in X. testudinaria and was a novel assemblage distantly related to any previously sequenced actinobacterial clones. The only actinobacteria that were obtained in initial culturing attempts were Gordonia, Micrococcus and Brachybacterium spp., none of which were represented in the clone libraries. The closest cultured actinobacteria to all the Acidimicrobidae clones from Xestospongia spp. are 'Microthrix parvicella' and Acidimicrobium spp. Xestospongia spp. can now be targeted as source material from which to culture novel Acidimicrobidae to investigate their potential as producers of bioactive compounds. Isolation of sponge-associated Acidimicrobidae will also make it possible to elucidate their role as sponge symbionts.
16S rDNA群落分析表明，仅酸微菌亚纲内的放线菌是与黄海绵属的两种海绵物种相关的细菌群落的主要组成部分。在黄海绵属物种中鉴定出了四组放线菌，其中这四组中的三组在来自佛罗里达州基拉戈的黄海绵和来自印度尼西亚万鸦老的龟甲黄海绵中均有发现。这表明这些菌群是这些海绵中的真正共生体，可能在太平洋和大西洋的海绵物种中发挥共同作用。第四组仅在龟甲黄海绵中发现，是一个与任何先前测序的放线菌克隆远缘相关的新类群。在最初的培养尝试中获得的唯一放线菌是戈登氏菌属、微球菌属和短杆菌属，克隆文库中均未出现这些菌属。与来自黄海绵属物种的所有酸微菌亚纲克隆最接近的培养放线菌是“细小微丝菌”和酸微菌属。现在可以将黄海绵属物种作为培养新型酸微菌亚纲的来源材料，以研究它们作为生物活性化合物生产者的潜力。分离与海绵相关的酸微菌亚纲也将有可能阐明它们作为海绵共生体的作用。
