Gravitt Patti E, Shah Keerti V
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2005 Mar;7(2):125-131. doi: 10.1007/s11908-005-0072-3.
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are now recognized as the etiologic agents of invasive cervical cancer, a major cancer in women. A single HPV type (type 16) is responsible for about 50% of the cancers. The major capsid protein of papillomaviruses, L1, when expressed by recombinant DNA technology, has the intrinsic ability to assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs). In a recent study, a vaccine based on HPV 16 VLPs was tested in a placebo-controlled proof-of-principle trial in young women in the United States. The vaccine was found to prevent 100% of incident persistent HPV 16 infections and HPV 16-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. These results offer promise that cervical cancer will be preventable by an HPV-based vaccine. Studies planned or in progress are examining the efficacy of the vaccine in men, in HIV-infected individuals, and in other parts of the world. Attempts are being made to prepare vaccines that can be administered more easily to large populations.
高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）现已被确认为浸润性宫颈癌的病原体，宫颈癌是女性的主要癌症之一。单一HPV类型（16型）导致约50%的此类癌症。乳头瘤病毒的主要衣壳蛋白L1，通过重组DNA技术表达时，具有组装成病毒样颗粒（VLP）的内在能力。在最近一项研究中，一种基于HPV 16型VLP的疫苗在美国年轻女性中进行了安慰剂对照的原理验证试验。该疫苗被发现可预防100%的新发持续性HPV 16感染和HPV 16相关的宫颈上皮内瘤变。这些结果表明，基于HPV的疫苗有望预防宫颈癌。正在计划或进行的研究正在考察该疫苗在男性、HIV感染者以及世界其他地区的疗效。人们正在尝试制备能够更易于对大量人群进行接种的疫苗。
