Sebesvari Zita, Ettwig Katharina Friederike, Emons Hendrik
University of Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
J Environ Monit. 2005 Mar;7(3):203-7. doi: 10.1039/b410717a. Epub 2005 Jan 28.
Asian clam Corbicula fluminea, the amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus and the macrophyte Nuphar lutea were tested for investigating spatial and temporal variability in the bioavailability of tin and arsenic in the River Lippe, Germany. Samples were collected from September 2002 to May 2003 at a tin polluted site (source pollution) and a reference site. Additional screening sampling was carried out twice in April 2003 to test the extent of As and Sn concentration in periphyton (aufwuchs) samples. Accumulated Sn and As concentrations were measured with ICP-MS after sample processing (dissection, cryo-milling) and digestion. Quality control was performed by parallel analysis of three certified reference materials. Measurable As and Sn contents in plant tissues were only detectable in roots (below 30 microg kg(-1) and 20 microg kg(-1) for As and Sn, respectively). Homogenates from C. fluminea and D. villosus tissues showed site-dependent trace metal contents. Elevated bioavailability of Sn is present downstream of the sewage discharge of the world's biggest producer of tributyltin (TBT) at Luenen (northern Ruhr region). In comparison to C. fluminea, D. villosus shows higher concentrations of tin in samples from both sites. Arsenic concentrations in C. fluminea remain constant with increasing shell size, whereas tin shows a size-dependent accumulation. The results indicate that Corbicula fluminea and Dikerogammarus villosus are suitable passive biomonitoring organisms for Sn, but As levels might be actively regulated. The concentration of tin in the periphyton (aufwuchs) samples was found to be much higher in samples from a contaminated site (428 +/- 63 vs. 1949 +/- 226 microg kg(-1)).
为研究德国利珀河中锡和砷生物有效性的时空变异性，对亚洲蛤（河蚬）、双齿围沙蚕和大型植物黄睡莲进行了测试。2002年9月至2003年5月期间，在一个受锡污染的地点（源污染）和一个参考地点采集了样本。2003年4月又进行了两次额外的筛查采样，以测试附生生物（附着生物）样本中砷和锡的浓度范围。样本经过处理（解剖、低温研磨）和消化后，用ICP-MS测量累积的锡和砷浓度。通过对三种认证参考物质进行平行分析来进行质量控制。植物组织中可测量的砷和锡含量仅在根部可检测到（砷和锡分别低于30微克/千克和20微克/千克）。河蚬和双齿围沙蚕组织的匀浆显示出与地点相关的痕量金属含量。在位于吕嫩（北鲁尔区）的全球最大三丁基锡（TBT）生产商污水排放口下游，锡的生物有效性升高。与河蚬相比，双齿围沙蚕在两个地点的样本中都显示出更高的锡浓度。河蚬中的砷浓度随着壳大小的增加保持不变，而锡则呈现出与大小相关的积累。结果表明，河蚬和双齿围沙蚕是适合用于监测锡的被动生物监测生物，但砷含量可能受到主动调节。在受污染地点的附生生物（附着生物）样本中发现，锡的浓度要高得多（428±63微克/千克对1949±226微克/千克）。
