Andrés-Abellán Manuela, Del Alamo Javier Benayas, Landete-Castillejos Tomás, López-Serrano Francisco R, García-Morote Francisco A, Del Cerro-Barja Antonio
Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, Albacete, Spain.
Environ Monit Assess. 2005 Feb;101(1-3):55-67. doi: 10.1007/s10661-005-9130-4.
This study examines the effects of recreational use on the soil and vegetation at a site of ecological importance (Nacimiento del Río Mundo, Albacete, Spain). The most visited sites showed increased soil compaction of approximately 50%, bare ground increase to 61 +/- 10% and a decrease in richness (from 25 +/- 2 to 15 +/- 2 species), diversity (from 4.0 +/- 0.1 to 2.7 +/- 0.4) and stratification of plant species (from 80 +/- 11 to 21 +/- 4%). The most visited sites had 90% less plant species as compared to the least visited. Intense use was associated with the presence of nitrophilous plant and vegetal species with a morphology adapted to heavy trampling. The recreational areas showed a distribution pattern of impact radiating outwards from the most used and degraded point. At the most visited point, "Los Chorros" (the spring of the river), the impact radiated outwards for about 20 m. A pilot experiment examining the effects of one-year restriction to visitors for access to a formerly impacted area showed a plant cover increase by anthropic and not by native species of 57 percent units.
本研究考察了娱乐活动对一个具有生态重要性的地点（西班牙阿尔瓦塞特省 Mundo 河源头）的土壤和植被的影响。游客到访最多的地点土壤压实度增加了约 50%，裸地面积增加到 61±10%，物种丰富度下降（从 25±2 种降至 15±2 种），多样性下降（从 4.0±0.1 降至 2.7±0.4），植物物种分层现象减少（从 80±11%降至 21±4%）。游客到访最多的地点与到访最少的地点相比，植物物种数量减少了 90%。高强度的活动与嗜氮植物以及形态上适应重度践踏的植物物种的出现有关。娱乐区域呈现出一种从使用最频繁、退化最严重的点向外辐射的影响分布模式。在游客到访最多的地点“Los Chorros”（河流源头），影响向外辐射约 20 米。一项关于对一个先前受影响区域限制游客进入一年的效果的试点实验表明，人为引入的物种而非本地物种使植物覆盖率增加了 57 个百分点。
