Mei-Dan Omer, Kahn Gadi, Zeev Aviva, Rubin Amir, Constantini Naama, Even Adi, Nyska Meir, Mann Gideon
Meir University Hospital, Orthopaedic Division, Kfar-Saba, Israel 44281.
Foot Ankle Int. 2005 Feb;26(2):180-3. doi: 10.1177/107110070502600211.
Ankle sprains are frequent, especially in athletes, soldiers, or others who perform high levels of physical activity. Although prevention is a primary goal, little is known about the risk factors. We evaluated the association of the structure of the medial arch of the foot to the occurrence of acute and recurrent ankle sprains in 83 female infantry recruits. We found no previous studies on ankle sprains in women in the English literature.
Arch height was quantified using the Chippaux-Smirak index, and each arch was classified as high, normal, or low. Retrospective data were obtained from questionnaires in which the soldiers noted whether or not they had had ankle sprains in the past, the grade of the sprain, and recurrence. Prospective data were accumulated in the 4 months of basic training, during which time every ankle sprain was documented and classified according to its grade and cause.
The retrospective data showed more frequent ankle sprains in the low arch group than in the normal arch group, mainly in the right foot (RR of 2.9, p <0.05). Recurrent sprains studied retrospectively also showed that more sprains occurred in the low arch group than in the normal arch and high arch groups (RR of 10.3, p <0.05). The prospective data suggested a pattern toward the same outcome (50% in the low arch as opposed to 36% in the normal arch group, RR, 1.3), but with no statistical significance.
We concluded that a low arch of the foot might be a risk factor for ankle sprains. However, our study consisted of a relatively small population, and further studies are needed.
踝关节扭伤很常见，尤其是在运动员、士兵或其他进行高强度体育活动的人群中。尽管预防是主要目标，但对风险因素知之甚少。我们评估了83名女性步兵新兵足内侧弓结构与急性和复发性踝关节扭伤发生之间的关联。我们在英文文献中未发现此前关于女性踝关节扭伤的研究。
使用奇波-斯米拉指数对足弓高度进行量化，并将每个足弓分为高、正常或低。回顾性数据来自问卷，士兵们在问卷中记录他们过去是否有过踝关节扭伤、扭伤的等级以及是否复发。前瞻性数据在基础训练的4个月中积累，在此期间记录每一次踝关节扭伤，并根据其等级和原因进行分类。
回顾性数据显示，低足弓组的踝关节扭伤比正常足弓组更频繁，主要发生在右脚（相对风险为2.9，p<0.05）。回顾性研究的复发性扭伤也显示，低足弓组的扭伤比正常足弓组和高足弓组更多（相对风险为10.3，p<0.05）。前瞻性数据显示出相同的结果趋势（低足弓组为50%，而正常足弓组为36%，相对风险为1.3），但无统计学意义。
我们得出结论，低足弓可能是踝关节扭伤的一个风险因素。然而，我们的研究样本量相对较小，需要进一步研究。
