Komilis Dimitris P, Karatzas Emmanouil, Halvadakis C P
Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mitilinis 50, 11364 Athens, Greece.
J Environ Manage. 2005 Mar;74(4):339-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.09.009. Epub 2004 Dec 24.
Olive mill wastewater (OMW) management has been a major issue of environmental concern for olive oil producing countries. OMW can be a serious nuisance, when disposed of untreated, due to its significantly high organic load, its phytotoxic properties and its relatively low biodegradability. Field and plant irrigation with raw or pretreated OMW is an easy and relatively inexpensive method to treat and dispose of OMW. Typical pretreatment techniques could be comprised of phase separation through a settling basin, dilution with water, aeration to promote biological degradation and pH neutralization. A full factorial experimental design approach was used here to study the main effects and interactions of the above four pretreatment techniques on the germination of tomato and chicory seeds. Results of the study showed that the most statistically significant technique affecting OMW phytotoxicity is water dilution. The next most significant technique was aeration. In particular, phytotoxicity decreased with increased OMW dilution with water, when OMW was aerated and without pH adjustment. pH neutralization resulted in increased phytotoxicity. Settling did not significantly decrease the phytotoxicity of settled OMW and is therefore not considered necessary in an OMW management system in which plant irrigation is the goal. The interaction of aeration and pH was, marginally, the most significant two-way interaction for tomato seeds, while no interactions were significant when chicory seeds were used.
橄榄油加工废水（OMW）的管理一直是橄榄油生产国环境关注的主要问题。由于其显著高的有机负荷、植物毒性特性和相对较低的生物降解性，未经处理的OMW如果随意排放会造成严重危害。用未经处理或经过预处理的OMW进行田间和植物灌溉是一种处理和处置OMW的简便且相对廉价的方法。典型的预处理技术可能包括通过沉淀池进行相分离、用水稀释、曝气以促进生物降解以及调节pH值至中性。本文采用全因子实验设计方法来研究上述四种预处理技术对番茄和菊苣种子发芽的主要影响及相互作用。研究结果表明，对OMW植物毒性影响最具统计学意义的技术是用水稀释。其次是曝气。具体而言，当OMW曝气且不调节pH值时，随着用水对OMW稀释程度的增加，植物毒性降低。调节pH值至中性会导致植物毒性增加。沉淀并没有显著降低沉淀后OMW的植物毒性，因此在以植物灌溉为目标的OMW管理系统中，沉淀并非必要环节。对于番茄种子，曝气和pH值的相互作用在一定程度上是最显著的双向相互作用，而使用菊苣种子时，没有显著的相互作用。
