免疫球蛋白基因座沉默与等位基因排斥

Immunoglobulin locus silencing and allelic exclusion.

作者信息

Corcoran Anne E

机构信息

Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Expression, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB24AT, UK.

出版信息

Semin Immunol. 2005 Apr;17(2):141-54. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2005.01.002.

DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2005.01.002

PMID:15737575

Abstract

Lymphocytes are characterised by monoclonal expression of antigen receptors. This is achieved by silencing of one of two homologous antigen receptor alleles, a process known as allelic exclusion. This process is regulated both before and after V(D)J recombination, by a variety of mechanisms. These include nuclear localisation, changes in chromatin structure and histone modifications, non-coding sense and antisense RNA transcription, epigenetic alterations at the DNA level, feedback signalling from expressed alleles, locus contraction and decontraction, recruitment to heterochromatin. This review will focus on recent advances in the immunoglobulin heavy and kappa light chain loci. The current picture is of a complex, temporally ordered sequence of events, in which these loci share many contributory mechanisms, but clear and intriguing differences are emerging.

摘要

淋巴细胞的特征是抗原受体的单克隆表达。这是通过使两个同源抗原受体等位基因中的一个沉默来实现的，这个过程称为等位基因排斥。这个过程在V(D)J重组之前和之后都受到多种机制的调控。这些机制包括核定位、染色质结构和组蛋白修饰的变化、非编码有义RNA和反义RNA转录、DNA水平的表观遗传改变、来自表达等位基因的反馈信号、基因座收缩和去收缩、募集到异染色质。本综述将聚焦于免疫球蛋白重链和κ轻链基因座的最新进展。目前的情况是一系列复杂的、按时间顺序排列的事件，其中这些基因座有许多共同的促成机制，但明显且有趣的差异正在显现。