Musa C, Kostogianni N, Lépine J-P
Service de Psychiatrie du Professeur Lépine, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, 200 rue du Faubourg Saint Denis, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France.
Encephale. 2004 Nov-Dec;30(6):517-24. doi: 10.1016/s0013-7006(04)95465-6.
The Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (FNE: Watson and Friend, 1969) is the measure most commonly used to determine the degree to which people experience apprehension at the prospect of being negatively evaluated. Although the development of the FNE preceded the inclusion of social anxiety disorder (or social phobia) in the diagnostic classification system, it is widely used as a measure of cognitive symptoms because the feature tapped by this measure is at the core of recent cognitive models of social-anxiety. According to these models, socially anxious individuals divide their attention between the internal representations of their social self (negative images and "felt sense") and external cues that could be taken as a sign of negative evaluation by others. The FNE was validated in a student and patient population in English speaking countries. The English version demonstrates adequate empirical validity. It shows excellent internal consistency and one-factor structure. Test retest reliability is satisfying. It is proved to be sensible to change after treatment. It is well correlated with other measures of social anxiety demonstrating good convergent validity. However, divergent and discriminate validity have been a subject of controversy. The aim of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of the French version of the FNE in order to obtain a valid instrument measuring the cognitive component of social anxiety.
The social anxiety group consisted of 88 patients referred to our clinic for cognitive-behavioural group therapy. All met ICD-10 criteria for social phobia (generalized subtype) as determined by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (social phobia section). Additional axis-I diagnostic information was obtained using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI: Lecrubier et al., 1997) for ICD-10. The non-patient control group consisted of 80 participants who didn't respond to social anxiety CIDI criteria. All participants were rated by the assessor on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) and completed the following self-report questionnaires: the Fear of Negative Evaluation questionnaire (FNE), the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI A-B), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI 13).
The internal consistency is very good with Kuder-Richardson 20 coefficient of 0,94 corresponding to coefficients found in the validity studies of the original version of the FNE. One factor Anova tests showed that our two groups of subjects differed significantly on the FNE [F (1.166)=282.26, p<0.001]. Patients had a mean score of 25.6 with a standard deviation of 4.1 and the non patient control subjects had a mean score of 12.1 with a standard deviation of 6.1. This result confirms the empirical validity of the instrument. In the patient sample, the FNE was significantly correlated with the LSAS total score (r=0.55; p<0.001). This result indicates good convergent validity. However, the FNE was also significantly correlated with the BDI-13 (r=0.48; p<0.001) and the STAI B (r=0.47; p<0.001). However because high levels of general anxiety and depression are common among patients with social anxiety disorder, substantial correlations between measures of social anxiety and measures of general anxiety and depression should be probably expected. A multiple regression analysis shows a significant association of the FNE with the LSAS (Beta=0.39, p<0.001) and the STAIB (Beta=0.28, p<0.01) We explored the unidimensionality of the scale by using a principal component analysis of tetrachoric correlation suitable for dichotomic items. One sole factor with an eigenvalue superior to 1 emerged. We deduce therefore that our results are in favour of the unidimensionality of the French version of the FNE.
The present study shows that the French version of the FNE has good psychometric properties and differentiates social phobic patients from the non-clinical control subjects. Given the importance that models of social anxiety attribute to cognitive processes and the importance of cognitive techniques in its treatment, we consider that the French version of the FNE is an adequate and valid questionnaire to be used in research and therapy.
害怕负面评价量表（FNE：Watson和Friend，1969年）是最常用于确定人们在面临负面评价前景时体验到的担忧程度的测量工具。尽管FNE的编制早于社交焦虑障碍（或社交恐惧症）被纳入诊断分类系统，但它被广泛用作认知症状的测量工具，因为该测量工具所挖掘的特征是近期社交焦虑认知模型的核心。根据这些模型，社交焦虑个体将注意力分散在其社交自我的内部表征（负面形象和“感觉”）以及可能被他人视为负面评价标志的外部线索之间。FNE在英语国家的学生和患者群体中得到了验证。英文版本显示出足够的实证效度。它具有出色的内部一致性和单因素结构。重测信度令人满意。经证明，治疗后有明显变化。它与其他社交焦虑测量工具高度相关，显示出良好的聚合效度。然而，区分效度和鉴别效度一直存在争议。本研究的目的是评估法语版FNE的心理测量特性，以获得一个有效的测量社交焦虑认知成分的工具。
社交焦虑组由88名转介到我们诊所接受认知行为团体治疗的患者组成。所有患者均符合国际疾病分类第10版（ICD - 10）社交恐惧症（广泛性亚型）的标准，这是由综合国际诊断访谈（社交恐惧症部分）确定的。使用针对ICD - 10的迷你国际神经精神病学访谈（MINI：Lecrubier等人，1997年）获取了额外的轴I诊断信息。非患者对照组由80名不符合社交焦虑CIDI标准的参与者组成。所有参与者由评估者根据利博维茨社交焦虑量表（LSAS）进行评分，并完成以下自我报告问卷：害怕负面评价问卷（FNE）、状态 - 特质焦虑量表（STAI A - B）和贝克抑郁量表（BDI 13）。
内部一致性非常好，库德 - 理查森20系数为0.94，与FNE原始版本效度研究中发现的系数相当。单因素方差分析表明，我们的两组受试者在FNE上存在显著差异[F(1,166)=282.26，p<0.001]。患者的平均得分为25.6，标准差为4.1；非患者对照组的平均得分为12.1，标准差为'6.1。这一结果证实了该工具的实证效度。在患者样本中，FNE与LSAS总分显著相关（r = 0.55；p<0.001）。这一结果表明具有良好的聚合效度。然而，FNE也与BDI - 13（r = 0.48；p<0.001）和STAI B（r = 0.47；p<0.001）显著相关。然而，由于社交焦虑障碍患者中普遍存在高水平的一般焦虑和抑郁，社交焦虑测量工具与一般焦虑和抑郁测量工具之间可能存在显著相关性是可以预期的。多元回归分析表明，FNE与LSAS（β = 0.39，p<0.001）和STAIB（β = 0.28，p<0.01）存在显著关联。我们通过对适用于二分项目的四分相关进行主成分分析来探索该量表的单维性。出现了一个特征值大于1的单一因素。因此，我们推断我们的结果支持法语版FNE的单维性。
本研究表明，法语版FNE具有良好的心理测量特性，能够区分社交恐惧症患者和非临床对照受试者。鉴于社交焦虑模型对认知过程的重视以及认知技术在其治疗中的重要性，我们认为法语版FNE是一份适用于研究和治疗的充分且有效的问卷。
