Frans O, Rimmö P-A, Aberg L, Fredrikson M
Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2005 Apr;111(4):291-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00463.x.
To examine the lifetime prevalence of trauma experiences and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Questionnaire-assessed PTSD, the type of traumatic event experienced, perceived trauma impact, and trauma frequency in 1824 randomly selected men and women.
PTSD lifetime prevalence was estimated at 5.6% with a 1 : 2 male-to-female ratio, in spite of men reporting greater trauma exposure. The highest PTSD risk was associated with sexual and physical assault, robbery and multiple trauma experiences. Controlling for trauma type did not account for gender differences, while controlling for experienced distress did.
The conditional probability for PTSD varied as a function of trauma type, frequency and impact of the event, with increased rates associated with prevalent trauma exposure and higher perceived distress. The latter accounted for the gender effect, suggesting that gender differences in PTSD in part represent a generally greater vulnerability to stress in women.
研究创伤经历和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的终生患病率。
通过问卷调查评估了1824名随机选取的男性和女性的PTSD、所经历的创伤事件类型、感知到的创伤影响以及创伤发生频率。
尽管男性报告的创伤暴露程度更高，但PTSD终生患病率估计为5.6%，男女比例为1:2。PTSD风险最高的情况与性侵犯和身体攻击、抢劫以及多重创伤经历相关。控制创伤类型并不能解释性别差异，而控制所经历的痛苦程度则可以。
PTSD的条件概率因创伤类型、事件发生频率和影响而有所不同，创伤暴露普遍和感知到的痛苦程度较高会导致患病率增加。后者解释了性别效应，表明PTSD中的性别差异部分反映出女性总体上对压力更易受影响。
