Koch Michelle D, O'Neill H Katherine, Sawchuk Craig N, Connolly Kevin
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, KY 40206, USA.
J Anxiety Disord. 2002;16(5):511-27. doi: 10.1016/s0887-6185(02)00170-6.
The separate and combined roles of fear and disgust in mediating phobic responding in blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia have generated considerable empirical interest. The present study aimed to replicate previous research regarding fear and disgust responding to phobia-relevant and generalized disgust elicitors, as well as to provide a novel examination of performance on behavioral approach/avoidance tasks (BATs) and the "contaminated cookie" procedure (i.e., willingness to eat a cookie after it has come into brief contact with a threat-relevant stimulus). Fear and disgust responses toward pictures (mutilation, insects) and in vivo stimuli (bloody gauze, severed deer leg, cockroach, worm) were assessed in a sample of analogue BII phobics and nonphobics. Consistent with previous research. BII phobics expressed significantly greater fear and disgust toward phobia-relevant pictures and BAT stimuli, with disgust being the dominant emotional response. We failed to find any between-group differences on disgust responding toward the generalized disgust pictures and BAT stimuli. Results from the BATs suggest that BII phobics were less willing to perform all tasks involving blood stimuli, and less willing to complete the latter stages of the insect BATs. BII phobics were less likely to eat the "contaminated cookie" after it had come into contact with only the insect stimuli. Future implications for research examining domain-specific and generalized disgust sensitivity in BII phobia are outlined.
恐惧和厌恶在介导血液-注射-损伤（BII）恐惧症的恐惧反应中所起的单独及联合作用引发了大量实证研究兴趣。本研究旨在重复先前关于对恐惧症相关及一般厌恶引发刺激的恐惧和厌恶反应的研究，同时对行为趋近/回避任务（BATs）及“污染饼干”程序（即一块饼干在与威胁相关刺激短暂接触后食用的意愿）的表现进行新的考察。在一组模拟BII恐惧症患者和非恐惧症患者样本中，评估了对图片（残缺、昆虫）及活体刺激（带血纱布、切断的鹿腿、蟑螂、蠕虫）的恐惧和厌恶反应。与先前研究一致，BII恐惧症患者对与恐惧症相关的图片和BAT刺激表现出显著更强的恐惧和厌恶，厌恶是主要的情绪反应。我们未发现两组在对一般厌恶图片和BAT刺激的厌恶反应上存在任何差异。BATs的结果表明，BII恐惧症患者不太愿意执行所有涉及血液刺激的任务，也不太愿意完成昆虫BATs的后期阶段。在“污染饼干”仅与昆虫刺激接触后，BII恐惧症患者食用它的可能性较小。概述了未来研究在考察BII恐惧症中特定领域和一般厌恶敏感性方面的意义。
