Michel R, Handl J, Ernst T, Botsch W, Szidat S, Schmidt A, Jakob D, Beltz D, Romantschuk L D, Synal H-A, Schnabel C, López-Gutiérrez J M
Zentrum für Strahlenschutz und Radioökologie (ZSR), Universität Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2005 Mar 20;340(1-3):35-55. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.08.006.
Forty-eight soil profiles down to a depth of 40 cm were taken in Russia and Ukraine in 1995 and 1997, respectively, in order to investigate the feasibility of retrospective dosimetry of the 131I exposure after the Chernobyl accident via the long-lived 129I. The sampling sites covered areas almost not affected by fallout from the Chernobyl accident such as Moscow/Russia and the Zhitomir district in Ukraine as well as the highly contaminated Korosten and Narodici districts in Ukraine. 129I was analyzed by radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). 127I was measured for some profiles by RNAA or ion chromatography (IC). The results for 127I demonstrated large differences in the capabilities of the soils to store iodine over long time spans. The depth profiles of 129I and of 137Cs showed large differences in the migration behavior between the two nuclides but also for each nuclide among the different sampling sites. Though it cannot be quantified how much 129I and 137Cs was lost out of the soil columns into deeper depths, the inventories in the columns were taken as proxies for the total inventories. For 129I, these inventories were at least three orders of magnitude higher than a pre-nuclear value of 0.084+/-0.017 mBq m(-2) derived from a soil profile taken in 1939 in Lutovinovo/Russia. From the samples from Moscow and Zhitomir, a pre-Chernobyl 129I inventory of (44+/-24) mBq m(-2) was determined, limiting the feasibility of 129I retrospective dosimetry to areas where the 129I inventories exceed 100 mBq m(-2). Higher average 129I inventories in the Korosten and Narodici districts of 130 and 848 mBq m(-2), respectively, allowed determination of the 129I fallout due to the Chernobyl accident. Based on the total 129I inventories and on literature data for the atomic ratio of 129I/131I=13.6+/-2.8 for the Chernobyl emissions and on aggregated dose coefficients for 131I, the thyroid exposure due to 131I after the Chernobyl accident was estimated for the inhabitants of four villages in the Korosten and of three villages in the Narodici districts. The limitations and uncertainties of the 129I retrospective dosimetry are discussed.
1995年和1997年分别在俄罗斯和乌克兰采集了48个深度达40厘米的土壤剖面，目的是研究通过长寿命的¹²⁹I对切尔诺贝利事故后¹³¹I暴露进行回顾性剂量测定的可行性。采样地点覆盖了几乎未受切尔诺贝利事故沉降物影响的地区，如俄罗斯的莫斯科和乌克兰的日托米尔地区，以及乌克兰污染严重的科罗斯坚和纳罗迪奇地区。通过放射化学中子活化分析（RNAA）和加速器质谱法（AMS）对¹²⁹I进行了分析。对一些剖面通过RNAA或离子色谱法（IC）测量了¹²⁷I。¹²⁷I的结果表明，土壤在长时间储存碘的能力方面存在很大差异。¹²⁹I和¹³⁷Cs的深度剖面显示，这两种核素之间以及不同采样地点的每种核素在迁移行为上都存在很大差异。虽然无法量化有多少¹²⁹I和¹³⁷Cs从土壤柱中流失到更深的深度，但柱中的存量被用作总存量的替代值。对于¹²⁹I，这些存量比1939年在俄罗斯卢托维诺沃采集的土壤剖面得出的0.084±0.017 mBq m⁻²的核前值至少高三个数量级。根据莫斯科和日托米尔的样本，确定了切尔诺贝利事故前¹²⁹I的存量为（44±24）mBq m⁻²，这将¹²⁹I回顾性剂量测定的可行性限制在¹²⁹I存量超过100 mBq m⁻²的地区。科罗斯坚和纳罗迪奇地区的平均¹²⁹I存量分别较高，为130和848 mBq m⁻²，这使得能够确定切尔诺贝利事故造成的¹²⁹I沉降。根据¹²⁹I的总存量、切尔诺贝利排放的¹²⁹I/¹³¹I原子比为13.6±2.8的文献数据以及¹³¹I的综合剂量系数，估计了科罗斯坚四个村庄和纳罗迪奇三个村庄居民在切尔诺贝利事故后因¹³¹I导致的甲状腺暴露。讨论了¹²⁹I回顾性剂量测定的局限性和不确定性。
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