Mayorova Tanja, Stevens Fred, Scherpbier Albert, van der Velden Lud, van der Zee Jouke
Faculty of Medicine, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Health Policy. 2005 Apr;72(1):73-80. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.06.010.
The proportion of female doctors is increasing. Yet, there is little evidence that demonstrates changing career preferences over a long period, nor do we know the long-term impact of changing male-female ratios in medicine. We explored this within the GP profession. By means of a longitudinal cohort study (postal questionnaires) among all graduated GPs in the Netherlands between 1982 and 2001 we explored trends in career preferences and investigated whether practice preferences of men and women differ over the years. Preference of becoming a GP has significantly decreased among men. GPs prefer group practice more than solo practice. Female doctors were more likely to prefer a small practice and to associate. Men prefer to take over an established practice. Main reasons to abstain from practicing as a GP for men were having found another job or not having found a practice according to their preferences. Main reasons for women were having decided for another job and family life. We conclude that male and female GPs select differently on practice setting. Preferences change through the years but tend to converge. Gender differences are likely due to the circumstance that career choices for men are more influenced by fluctuating labour markets, while female choices are more based on family circumstances. We expect that as more women will become a GP the demand for small group practices will increase. Also, as many female GPs abstain from practicing after having finished a vocational GP training program it will be essential to create work facilities to keep them available for the GP labour market.
女医生的比例在不断增加。然而，几乎没有证据表明长期以来职业偏好发生了变化，我们也不清楚医学领域男女比例变化的长期影响。我们在全科医生职业中探讨了这一问题。通过对1982年至2001年间荷兰所有毕业的全科医生进行纵向队列研究（邮寄问卷调查），我们探究了职业偏好的趋势，并调查了多年来男女在执业偏好上是否存在差异。男性成为全科医生的偏好显著下降。全科医生更喜欢团队执业而非单独执业。女医生更倾向于选择小型诊所并与人合作。男性更倾向于接手一家已有的诊所。男性放弃全科医生执业的主要原因是找到了其他工作或没有找到符合其偏好的诊所。女性的主要原因是决定从事其他工作和家庭生活。我们得出结论，男女全科医生在执业环境选择上有所不同。偏好多年来有所变化，但趋于趋同。性别差异可能是由于男性的职业选择更多地受到劳动力市场波动的影响，而女性的选择更多地基于家庭情况。我们预计，随着越来越多的女性成为全科医生，对小型团队诊所的需求将会增加。此外，由于许多女全科医生在完成职业全科医生培训项目后放弃执业，创建工作设施以使她们能继续留在全科医生劳动力市场至关重要。
