Dhuique-Mayer Claudie, Caris-Veyrat Catherine, Ollitrault Patrick, Curk Franck, Amiot Marie-Josephe
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Département FLHOR, TA50/04, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Mar 23;53(6):2140-5. doi: 10.1021/jf0402983.
To specify the genotypic variation of Mediterranean Citrus juices, the contents of carotenoids, flavonoids, and vitamin C were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. A selection of orange varieties and Mandarin species from the Mediterranean area (Citrus sinensis, Citrus deliciosa Ten, and Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan) was evaluated using carotenoid profiles and flavanones contents. Among the eight varieties of orange (Salustiana, Hamlin, Shamouti, Pera, Valencia, Maltaise, Sanguinelli, and Cara-cara) and two Mandarin species, only three cultivars (Pera, Sanguinelli, and Shamouti) and the two Mandarin species displayed a high content of vitamin A (374, 381, and 272 ER L(-1) for the three orange cultivars and 1156 and 960 retinol equivalent (RE) L(-1) for the Mandarins) due to a high content of beta-cryptoxanthin. These same Citrus were also rich in hesperidin (502, 537, 552, 767, and 754 mg L(-1), respectively). Principal component analysis allowed the Mediterranean orange varieties and Mandarin species to be differentiated on the basis of nutritional criteria. Strong correlations were observed between beta-cryptoxanthin and hesperidin (r = 0.92) and between beta-cryptoxanthin and beta-carotene (r = 0.98). In contrast, vitamin C content was not correlated with carotenoids and flavanone glycosides. The Mandarin and orange group was quite distinct. The orange varieties could be divided in two groups. In addition, a diversity tree allowed a genetic approach to differentiating Citrus cultivars on the basis of Euclidian distances. This representation showed that the hybrid Clementine was nearer to its parent Mandarin than to its parent orange, suggesting that beta-cryptoxanthin was a dominant genetic factor. With regard to vitamin A, Mandarin and its hybrid Clementine appeared to be the best Citrus species.
为了明确地中海柑橘汁的基因型变异，采用高效液相色谱法测定了类胡萝卜素、黄酮类化合物和维生素C的含量。利用类胡萝卜素谱和黄烷酮含量，对地中海地区的一系列橙子品种和柑橘种类（甜橙、温州蜜柑和克莱门氏小柑橘）进行了评估。在八个橙子品种（萨卢斯蒂亚纳、哈姆林、沙莫蒂、佩拉、巴伦西亚、马耳他、桑吉内利和卡拉卡拉）和两个柑橘种类中，只有三个品种（佩拉、桑吉内利和沙莫蒂）以及两个柑橘种类因β-隐黄质含量高而呈现出高含量的维生素A（三个橙子品种分别为374、381和272 ER L(-1)，柑橘为1156和960视黄醇当量（RE）L(-1)）。这些柑橘类水果的橙皮苷含量也很高（分别为502、537、552、767和754 mg L(-1)）。主成分分析能够根据地中海橙子品种和柑橘种类的营养标准进行区分。观察到β-隐黄质与橙皮苷之间存在强相关性（r = 0.92），β-隐黄质与β-胡萝卜素之间也存在强相关性（r = 0.98）。相比之下，维生素C含量与类胡萝卜素和黄烷酮糖苷无关。柑橘类和橙子类有明显区别。橙子品种可分为两组。此外，通过多样性树状图可以基于欧几里得距离采用遗传方法区分柑橘品种。该图显示，杂交品种克莱门氏小柑橘与其亲本柑橘的亲缘关系比与其亲本橙子更近，这表明β-隐黄质是一个主要的遗传因素。就维生素A而言，柑橘及其杂交品种克莱门氏小柑橘似乎是最佳的柑橘种类。
