Rönnlund Michael, Nyberg Lars, Bäckman Lars, Nilsson Lars-Göran
Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Psychol Aging. 2005 Mar;20(1):3-18. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.20.1.3.
Five-year changes in episodic and semantic memory were examined in a sample of 829 participants (35-80 years). A cohort-matched sample (N=967) was assessed to control for practice effects. For episodic memory, cross-sectional analyses indicated gradual age-related decrements, whereas the longitudinal data revealed no decrements before age 60, even when practice effects were adjusted for. Longitudinally, semantic memory showed minor increments until age 55, with smaller decrements in old age as compared with episodic memory. Cohort differences in educational attainment appear to account for the discrepancies between cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Collectively, the results show that age trajectories for episodic and semantic memory differ and underscore the need to control for cohort and retest effects in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, respectively.
在829名参与者（年龄在35至80岁之间）的样本中，研究了情景记忆和语义记忆的五年变化情况。评估了一个队列匹配样本（N = 967）以控制练习效应。对于情景记忆，横断面分析表明存在与年龄相关的逐渐下降，而纵向数据显示在60岁之前没有下降，即使对练习效应进行了调整。纵向来看，语义记忆在55岁之前有轻微增加，与情景记忆相比，老年时下降幅度较小。教育程度的队列差异似乎可以解释横断面数据和纵向数据之间的差异。总体而言，结果表明情景记忆和语义记忆的年龄轨迹不同，并强调在横断面研究和纵向研究中分别控制队列效应和重测效应的必要性。
