Erfurth Andreas, Gerlach Alexander L, Michael Nikolaus, Boenigk Ines, Hellweg Inga, Signoretta Salvatore, Akiskal Kareen, Akiskal Hagop S
Department of Psychiatry, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 11, 48129 Münster, Germany.
J Affect Disord. 2005 Mar;85(1-2):71-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2003.07.003.
This paper examines the distribution of the temperamental characteristics and gender effects of a new autoquestionnaire developed by Akiskal et al. (TEMPS-A) in its German briefTEMPS-M version.
As described in a companion article [J. Affect. Disord. 85 (2005), 53, this issue], based on a study population of 1056 students of the Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität in Münster, Germany, we constructed the briefTEMPS-M. In the present paper we report on the basic descriptive statistics of the five subscales of the briefTEMPS (depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable, and anxious), as well as gender differences.
Except for the hyperthymic, these subscales are capable of representing the full range of temperament in a sample of German students. Characteristics of the distribution (skewness, kurtosis) of the subscales are well in acceptable limits. We found higher depressive, cyclothymic, and anxious, as well as lower hyperthymic, temperament values in women as compared to men. Cut-off scores to determine extreme groups are provided. To render our results comparable to a similar study using the interview version of the TEMPS-I in an Italian student population [J. Affect. Disord. 47 (1998) 1; J. Affect. Disord. 51 (1998) 7], we computed the rates for dominant temperaments based on the z scores +2 S.D., and obtained the following: depressive, 4.7%; cyclothymic, 4.7%; hyperthymic, 2.1%; irritable, 4.0%; and anxious, 4.2%.
The briefTEMPS-M is a potentially valuable scale to quickly assess temperament in research, clinical and normal samples.
本文研究了由阿基斯卡尔等人开发的一份新的自填式问卷（TEMPS-A）的气质特征分布及其德文简版TEMPS-M中的性别效应。
如一篇配套文章[《情感障碍杂志》85（2005），53，本期]所述，基于德国明斯特威斯特法伦威廉大学1056名学生的研究群体，我们构建了简版TEMPS-M。在本文中，我们报告了简版TEMPS五个子量表（抑郁、环性心境、轻躁狂、易怒和焦虑）的基本描述性统计数据以及性别差异。
除轻躁狂子量表外，这些子量表能够在德国学生样本中代表完整的气质范围。子量表分布的特征（偏度、峰度）处于可接受范围内。我们发现，与男性相比，女性的抑郁、环性心境和焦虑气质值更高，轻躁狂气质值更低。提供了用于确定极端组的临界分数。为使我们的结果与在意大利学生群体中使用TEMPS-I访谈版的类似研究[《情感障碍杂志》47（1998）1；《情感障碍杂志》51（1998）7]具有可比性，我们根据z分数+2标准差计算了主导气质的发生率，结果如下：抑郁，4.7%；环性心境，4.7%；轻躁狂，2.1%；易怒，4.0%；焦虑，4.2%。
简版TEMPS-M是一种在研究、临床和正常样本中快速评估气质的潜在有价值的量表。
