Erfurth Andreas, Gerlach Alexander L, Hellweg Inga, Boenigk Ines, Michael Nikolaus, Akiskal Hagop S
Department of Psychiatry, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 11, 48129 Münster, Germany.
J Affect Disord. 2005 Mar;85(1-2):53-69. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(03)00102-2.
Based on classic German concepts of a continuum between depressive, hyperthymic, cyclothymic, and irritable temperaments and affective disorder (and adding an anxious type to the four), Akiskal and co-workers developed the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego both in interview (TEMPS-I) and auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A) versions. It is the aim of the present analyses to validate a brief German version of TEMPS-A.
A total of 1056 students of the Westfalische-Wilhelms-Universitat in Munster, Germany, filled out the long 110-item version of the TEMPS-A (Munster translation by Erfurth: TEMPS-M) modified into a five gradation Likert format and with the items randomized. Based on this data we constructed a brief version of the TEMPS-M. In a second study, a sample of 151 students were recruited who filled out the briefTEMPS-M twice, approximately 1 month apart.
Our psychometric procedures resulted in the retention of 35 items from the original 110. The proposed five-factor structure of the original TEMPS-A was upheld, with relatively few item reclassification (mainly due to some overlap between depressive and anxious traits). Internal consistency (Cronbach alpha values ranging from 0.69 to 0.84) and test-retest reliability were shown. Most importantly, all temperaments in the briefTEMPS-M correlated quite well (Pearson r values ranging from 0.49 to 0.72) with their respective original versions in the longer TEMPS-M. As for construct validity, significant correlation was shown with the Beck Depression Inventory for all but the hyperthymic temperament; the hyperthymic, cyclothymic and irritable correlated highest with the self-report Manic Inventory.
The study sample of university students was selective.
We were able to construct a brief German version of the TEMPS-A auto-questionnaire. We submit this shorter version will be suitable for both clinical (psychiatric and general medical) and neurobiological research, as well as in studies on temperament features in selected populations, e.g., allowing comparisons between regions or different (German-speaking) countries.
基于德国经典概念，即抑郁、轻躁狂、环性心境和易激惹气质与情感障碍之间存在连续谱（并在这四种类型中增加了一种焦虑型），阿基斯卡尔及其同事开发了孟菲斯、比萨、巴黎和圣地亚哥气质评估量表，有访谈版（TEMPS - I）和自填问卷版（TEMPS - A）。本分析的目的是验证TEMPS - A的一个简短德文版。
德国明斯特威斯特法伦威廉大学的1056名学生填写了改编为五级李克特格式且项目随机排列的110项长版TEMPS - A（由埃尔富特进行的明斯特翻译：TEMPS - M）。基于这些数据，我们构建了TEMPS - M的一个简短版本。在第二项研究中，招募了151名学生样本，他们填写简短TEMPS - M两次，间隔约1个月。
我们的心理测量程序从最初的110项中保留了35项。最初TEMPS - A所提议的五因素结构得以维持，项目重新分类相对较少（主要是由于抑郁和焦虑特质之间存在一些重叠）。显示出了内部一致性（克朗巴赫α值范围为0.69至0.84）和重测信度。最重要的是，简短TEMPS - M中的所有气质类型与较长TEMPS - M中各自的原始版本相关性都相当好（皮尔逊r值范围为0.49至0.72）。至于结构效度，除轻躁狂气质外，所有气质类型与贝克抑郁量表均显示出显著相关性；轻躁狂、环性心境和易激惹气质类型与自评躁狂量表相关性最高。
大学生研究样本具有选择性。
我们能够构建TEMPS - A自填问卷的一个简短德文版。我们认为这个较短版本将适用于临床（精神科和普通医学）和神经生物学研究，以及选定人群的气质特征研究，例如，允许在不同地区或不同（说德语的）国家之间进行比较。
