Renema R A, Robinson F E, Melnychuk V L, Hardin R T, Bagley L G, Emmerson D A, Blackman J R
Department of Animal Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Poult Sci. 1995 Jan;74(1):102-20. doi: 10.3382/ps.0740102.
The influence of feed restriction during rearing was investigated in male-line Large White breeder hens with regard to effects on ovarian morphology, egg production, laying patterns, and egg characteristics. Two hundred poults were reared from 4 to 28 wk of age under four treatments as follows: full-fed controls (FF), low-protein diet (12% CP from 12 to 28 wk; LP), and reduced BW (10 to 20% lower BW than FF; R10 and R20). At photostimulation (28 wk), all birds consumed a commercial breeder diet ad libitum for the remainder of the study (48 wk of age). Settable egg production (eggs per hen) to 48 wk for all hens, and those in lay was: FF, 39.4 (48.6); LP 42.7 (51.7); R10, 41.4 (52.8); R20, 40.7 (55.4). Inferior egg production per bird in R10 and R20 hens reflected a reduced persistency of lay. At first egg, hens of all treatments had a mean of 4.9 postovulatory follicles (POF) not accounted for by an egg. Number of unreconciled POF correlated with abdominal fat pad weight (P < or = .01). Ovary weight correlated with BW (P < .0001) and fat pad weight (P < .0004). Proportion of yolk and shell in the egg and egg specific gravity were improved with feed restriction. Sequence length was longest in R20 treatment hens and pause length shortest in R10 and R20 hens. Incidence of multiple-follicle sets was reduced in the R10 and R20 treatments. Feed restriction during rearing can potentially improve laying characteristics by altering ovarian morphology without limiting shell quality or yolk size. Quantitative feed restriction was most effective at improving egg quality, reducing average pause length, and reducing ovarian multiple-follicle sets. If problems with persistency of lay are addressed, the R10 and R20 treatments are the recommended rearing restriction treatments for male-line turkey breeder hen candidates.
本研究调查了雄性大白种母鸡育雏期限饲对其卵巢形态、产蛋量、产蛋模式及蛋品质的影响。200只雏鸡从4周龄饲养至28周龄，分为以下四组处理：全饲对照组（FF）、低蛋白日粮组（12至28周龄时粗蛋白含量为12%；LP）、体重降低组（比FF组体重低10%至20%；R10和R20）。光照刺激时（28周龄），所有鸡只在研究剩余时间（48周龄）自由采食商品种鸡日粮。所有母鸡至48周龄的可产蛋量（每只母鸡产蛋数）及产蛋母鸡的产蛋量为：FF组，39.4（48.6）；LP组，42.7（51.7）；R10组，41.4（52.8）；R20组，40.7（55.4）。R10组和R20组母鸡单只产蛋量较低，反映出其产蛋持续性降低。初产时，所有处理组母鸡平均有4.9个未排卵后卵泡（POF）未形成蛋。未配对POF数量与腹部脂肪垫重量相关（P≤0.01）。卵巢重量与体重相关（P＜0.0001），与脂肪垫重量相关（P＜0.0004）。限饲可提高蛋中蛋黄和蛋壳比例以及蛋的比重。R20处理组母鸡的产蛋序列最长，R10组和R20组母鸡的产蛋间歇期最短。R10组和R20组处理中多卵泡集落的发生率降低。育雏期限饲可通过改变卵巢形态潜在地改善产蛋特性，而不影响蛋壳质量或蛋黄大小。定量限饲在改善蛋品质、缩短平均产蛋间歇期及减少卵巢多卵泡集落方面最为有效。如果解决了产蛋持续性问题，R10组和R20组处理是雄性火鸡种母鸡候选鸡育雏期推荐的限饲处理方式。
