Moore George E, Glickman Nita W, Ward Michael P, Engler Kathy S, Lewis Hugh B, Glickman Lawrence T
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2027, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005 Mar 15;226(6):909-12. doi: 10.2460/javma.2005.226.909.
To determine incidence of and risk factors for adverse events associated with distemper and rabies vaccine administration in ferrets.
Retrospective cohort study.
3,587 ferrets that received a rabies or distemper vaccine between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2003.
Electronic medical records were searched for possible vaccine-associated adverse events. Adverse events were classified by attending veterinarians as nonspecific vaccine reactions, allergic reactions, or anaphylaxis. Patient information that was collected included age, weight, sex, cumulative number of distemper and rabies vaccinations received, clinical signs, and treatment. The association between potential risk factors and occurrence of an adverse event was estimated with logistic regression.
30 adverse events were recorded. The adverse event incidence rates for administration of rabies vaccine alone, distemper vaccine alone, and rabies and distemper vaccines together were 0.51%, 1.00%, and 0.85%, respectively. These rates were not significantly different. All adverse events occurred immediately following vaccine administration and most commonly consisted of vomiting and diarrhea (52%) or vomiting alone (31%). Age, sex, and body weight were not significantly associated with occurrence of adverse events, but adverse event incidence rate increased as the cumulative number of distemper or rabies vaccinations received increased. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only the cumulative number of distemper vaccinations received was significantly associated with the occurrence of an adverse event.
Results suggest that in ferrets, the risk of vaccine-associated adverse events was primarily associated with an increase in the number of distemper vaccinations.
确定雪貂接种犬瘟热疫苗和狂犬病疫苗后不良事件的发生率及风险因素。
回顾性队列研究。
2002年1月1日至2003年12月31日期间接种狂犬病或犬瘟热疫苗的3587只雪貂。
检索电子病历以查找可能与疫苗相关的不良事件。主治兽医将不良事件分类为非特异性疫苗反应、过敏反应或过敏症。收集的患者信息包括年龄、体重、性别、接种犬瘟热疫苗和狂犬病疫苗的累计次数、临床症状和治疗情况。采用逻辑回归分析潜在风险因素与不良事件发生之间的关联。
记录了30例不良事件。单独接种狂犬病疫苗、单独接种犬瘟热疫苗以及同时接种狂犬病疫苗和犬瘟热疫苗的不良事件发生率分别为0.51%、1.00%和0.85%。这些发生率无显著差异。所有不良事件均在接种疫苗后立即发生，最常见的是呕吐和腹泻（52%）或仅呕吐（31%）。年龄、性别和体重与不良事件的发生无显著关联，但随着接种犬瘟热疫苗或狂犬病疫苗的累计次数增加，不良事件发生率升高。在多变量逻辑回归分析中，只有接种犬瘟热疫苗的累计次数与不良事件的发生显著相关。
结果表明，在雪貂中，疫苗相关不良事件的风险主要与犬瘟热疫苗接种次数的增加有关。
