针对加拿大原住民、梅蒂斯人和因纽特人的大众媒体所描绘的艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险因素。

Hoffman-Goetz Laurie, Friedman Daniela B, Clarke Juanne N

Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.

J Health Commun. 2005 Mar;10(2):145-62. doi: 10.1080/10810730590915119.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to describe the coverage and portrayal of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) risk factors as framed in newspaper targeting Aboriginal (First Nations, Métis, and Inuit) peoples in canada.

METHODS

From a sample of 31 Aboriginal newspapers published in English from 1996 to 2000, 14 newspapers were randomly selected. Of 167 articles published on HIV/AIDS during this time period, all anecdotal (n=34) and an approximate 25% random sample of scientific (n=32) articles were analyzed using both quantitative (coding reliability and frequencies) and qualitative (in-depth content analysis) analyses.

RESULTS

Individual risk factors for HIV/AIDS were described in 74%, (49/66) of the articles and included unprotected sexual intercourse (20/49 or 41%), sharing of needles for injection drug use (IDU; 16/49 or 33%), infected blood transfusions (3/49 or 6%), and vertical transmission from mother to a baby (10/49 or 20%). Additional risk factors of alcohol use and poverty were mentioned in 29% and 25% of the articles. In addition to the well-recognized HIV/AIDS risk groups of prostitutes and homosexual men, sexual abuse victims, prisoners, and women were identified in aboriginal newspapers as being at risk. Although Aboriginal women were identified as being at high risk, the newspaper coverage also emphasized their lack of knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS. Heterosexual men were not mentioned as being at risk for HIV/AIDS in the newspaper articles.

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is higher among Canadian Aboriginals than in the general population. Local and community newspapers are an important channels for the dissemination of health information for isolated, rural, and aboriginal communities.

INTERPRETATION

The findings show that Aboriginal media identify high-risk groups and individualistic risk factors for HIV/AIDS within a public health perspective.

目的

本研究旨在描述加拿大针对原住民（第一民族、梅蒂斯人和因纽特人）的报纸中所呈现的人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（HIV/AIDS）风险因素的涵盖范围和描述方式。

方法

从1996年至2000年出版的31份英文原住民报纸样本中，随机选取了14份报纸。在此期间发表的167篇关于HIV/AIDS的文章中，所有轶事性文章（n = 34）以及约25%的科学性文章随机样本（n = 32）均采用定量分析（编码可靠性和频率）和定性分析（深入内容分析）进行分析。

结果

74%（49/66）的文章描述了HIV/AIDS的个体风险因素，包括无保护性行为（20/49或41%）、注射吸毒共用针头（16/49或33%）、感染的输血（3/49或6%）以及母婴垂直传播（10/49或20%）。另外，29%和25%的文章提到了酗酒和贫困等其他风险因素。除了广为人知的妓女和男同性恋者等HIV/AIDS风险群体外，原住民报纸还将性虐待受害者、囚犯和女性列为有风险人群。尽管原住民女性被确定为高风险人群，但报纸报道也强调了她们对HIV/AIDS缺乏了解。报纸文章中未提及异性恋男性有感染HIV/AIDS的风险。