Bervoets Lieven, Voets Judith, Covaci Adrian, Chu Shaogang, Qadah Diab, Smolders Roel, Schepens Paul, Blust Ronny
Department of Biology, Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Mar 15;39(6):1492-505. doi: 10.1021/es049048t.
Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were translocated in cages to 56 water bodies in Flanders (Belgium) during summer 2001. After six weeks, concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), p,p'-DDE, and trace metals were measured in the transplanted mussels. It was investigated whether total dissolved water and sediment pollutant levels or bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) and biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) were predictive for mussel tissue levels. The sample sites covered a broad range both in terms of the type and concentration of the pollutants, and this was reflected in large differences in tissue concentrations of all pollutants among the sites. The highest pollutant levels in mussels were among the highest reported in the literature. For Cd and Zn levels up to 33 and 1994 microg/g dry wt. respectively were found. The lowest levels were comparable to those from uncontaminated sites in Europe and the U.S. For Cd and Zn respectively 51 and 75% of the variation in tissue levels was described. For both metals, dissolved and particulate metal contributed to the variation in accumulation. For other pollutants, relationships between tissue concentration and water or sediment concentration were weak or nonsignificant. Then the measured environmental factors (dissolved calcium, pH, oxygen, organic carbon and clay content in the sediment) were taken into account applying multiple regression analysis, and no increase in the described variation of pollutant accumulation was observed. The BAF and BSAF for all pollutants varied up to 1000-fold even after TOC-normalization. Clear negative relationships were found between BAFs/ BSAFs and environmental levels. However, even at constant environmental concentrations a 10- to 100-fold variation in BAFs/BSAFs was observed. This study illustrated the need for biological monitoring since neither environmental
2001年夏季，斑马贻贝（多形饰贝）被装在笼子里转移到比利时弗拉芒地区的56个水体中。六周后，对移植贻贝中的多氯联苯（PCBs）、六氯苯（HCB）、p,p'-滴滴伊以及痕量金属进行了测量。研究了总溶解态水体和沉积物污染物水平或生物累积因子（BAFs）以及生物群-沉积物累积因子（BSAFs）是否可预测贻贝组织中的污染物水平。样本地点在污染物类型和浓度方面涵盖范围很广，这反映在各地点所有污染物的组织浓度存在很大差异。贻贝中最高的污染物水平属于文献报道中的最高水平。镉和锌的水平分别高达33和1994微克/克干重。最低水平与欧洲和美国未受污染地点的水平相当。镉和锌组织水平变化的51%和75%可得到解释。对于这两种金属，溶解态和颗粒态金属都对累积变化有贡献。对于其他污染物，组织浓度与水体或沉积物浓度之间的关系较弱或不显著。然后通过多元回归分析考虑了所测量的环境因子（溶解态钙、pH值、氧气、沉积物中的有机碳和粘土含量），但未观察到污染物累积所解释的变化有所增加。即使经过总有机碳标准化后，所有污染物的生物累积因子和生物群-沉积物累积因子变化高达1000倍。生物累积因子/生物群-沉积物累积因子与环境水平之间存在明显的负相关关系。然而，即使在环境浓度恒定的情况下，生物累积因子/生物群-沉积物累积因子仍有10到100倍的变化。这项研究表明了进行生物监测的必要性，因为无论是环境……
