Ruus Anders, Schaanning Morten, Oxnevad Sigurd, Hylland Ketil
Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Brekkeveien 19, PO Box 173, Kjelsås, N-0411 Oslo, Norway.
Aquat Toxicol. 2005 Apr 30;72(3):273-92. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.01.004.
A test-system for the assessment of bioavailability and bioaccumulation of metals and organic contaminants in marine benthic organisms is described and results from studies where this system has been applied are assessed. Sediments tested were polluted harbour sediment (from Norway), and clean sediments spikes with metal containing weight materials for drilling muds. Contaminants that may bioaccumulate under relevant conditions are indicated. The test-system uses two species of ecological relevance (Nereis diversicolor and Hinia reticulata). Interspecies differences in bioaccumulation were found for several compounds, which show the importance of using species with different modes of living in such tests. Compared to other PAHs, pyrene was found to bioaccumulate to a high degree (BioAccumulation Ratio, BAR=213.5>sediment concentration ratio, SCR=97.4; bioaccumulation factor, organism dw. conc. to sediment dw. conc., BAF=1.02), which shows that extrapolating bioaccumulation results between different substances is difficult. When assessing bioavailability of specific compounds, it is most adequate to perform direct measurements on exposed organisms, such as the experiments described here. The high bioaccumulation of compounds such as pyrene and nickel may in some cases be attributed to manipulation of the sediments and (for pyrene) lack of subsequent aging, thereby overestimating bioavailability.
描述了一种用于评估海洋底栖生物中金属和有机污染物生物有效性及生物累积性的测试系统，并对应用该系统的研究结果进行了评估。所测试的沉积物包括受污染的港口沉积物（来自挪威）以及添加了含金属加重材料的清洁沉积物，这些加重材料用于钻井泥浆。指出了在相关条件下可能发生生物累积的污染物。该测试系统使用了两种具有生态相关性的物种（多毛纲沙蚕和网纹滨螺）。发现几种化合物在生物累积方面存在种间差异，这表明在此类测试中使用具有不同生活方式的物种的重要性。与其他多环芳烃相比，芘被发现具有较高的生物累积性（生物累积率，BAR = 213.5 > 沉积物浓度比，SCR = 97.4；生物累积因子，生物体干重浓度与沉积物干重浓度之比，BAF = 1.02），这表明在不同物质之间推断生物累积结果是困难的。在评估特定化合物的生物有效性时，对暴露的生物体进行直接测量最为合适，如此处所述的实验。芘和镍等化合物的高生物累积性在某些情况下可能归因于沉积物的处理方式以及（对于芘）缺乏后续老化，从而高估了生物有效性。
