Conrad Claudius, Huss Ralf
Department of Surgery, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
J Surg Res. 2005 Apr;124(2):201-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2004.09.015.
In recent years, there has been a tremendous increase in the understanding of stem cell biology. The potential clinical applications lead to an extended interest in the use of stem cells in many medical disciplines. Multipotent adult stem cells seem to be almost comparable to embryonic stem cells with respect to their ability to differentiate into various tissues in vitro and in vivo, a function that has been termed "stem cell plasticity". In vivo experiments in rodents have shown that adult stem cells participate in tissue- and organ regeneration in almost all lesions. Although stem cell populations isolated from the bone marrow are usually a heterogeneous mix of different subpopulations, cloned adult stem cell lines from any source also show a broad spectrum of differentiation potential, e.g., osteogenesis, myogenesis, neurogenesis, or angiogenesis in wound healing. Angiogenesis in particular is a subject in tissue regeneration with tremendous implication in reconstructive surgery. This comprehensive plasticity makes it possible to use stem cell lines for biomedical research, tissue engineering, regenerative surgery, and organ repair. Adult stem cell lines are molecularly well defined with respect to transcription factors, active signal transduction pathways, and expression of receptors/ligand pairs. We performed experiments with adult stem cell lines, which are not subject to stem cell heterogeneity. Results obtained with stem cell lines can reliably be ascribed to the stem cell population under scrutiny. Adult stem cell lines can be obtained with the necessary quality and quantity also to study many effects of human stem cells in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, we summarize some of the tremendous therapeutic implications of adult stem cell lines in surgery and surgical research.
近年来，人们对干细胞生物学的理解有了极大的提升。其潜在的临床应用引发了许多医学学科对干细胞应用的广泛兴趣。多能成体干细胞在体外和体内分化为各种组织的能力方面，似乎几乎可与胚胎干细胞相媲美，这种功能被称为“干细胞可塑性”。在啮齿动物身上进行的体内实验表明，成体干细胞几乎参与了所有损伤中的组织和器官再生。尽管从骨髓中分离出的干细胞群体通常是不同亚群的异质混合物，但来自任何来源的克隆成体干细胞系也显示出广泛的分化潜能，例如在伤口愈合中的成骨、成肌、神经发生或血管生成。特别是血管生成是组织再生中的一个课题，在重建手术中具有重大意义。这种全面的可塑性使得利用干细胞系进行生物医学研究,组织工程、再生手术和器官修复成为可能。成体干细胞系在转录因子、活跃的信号转导通路以及受体/配体对的表达方面在分子水平上有明确的定义。我们使用不受干细胞异质性影响的成体干细胞系进行了实验。用干细胞系获得的结果能够可靠地归因于所研究的干细胞群体。成体干细胞系也能够以必要的质量和数量获得，以便在体外和体内研究人类干细胞的许多效应。在本文中，我们总结了成体干细胞系在手术和外科研究中的一些巨大治疗意义。
