Cascante-Marín A, Oostermeijer J G B, Wolf J H D, den Nijs J C M
Departamento de Historia Natural, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, Apdo. 749, 1000 San José, Costa Rica.
Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2005 Mar;7(2):203-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-837584.
The floral phenology, fruit and seed production, and self-compatibility of Werauhia gladioliflora, an epiphytic bromeliad with a wide distribution, were studied in a premontane forest in the Monteverde area in Costa Rica. The species presents the pollination syndrome of chiropterophily, and it is visited by the small bats Hylonycteris underwoodi and Glossophaga commissarisi (Glossophaginae). The population flowering period extended from October to early December (end of rainy season) and seed dispersal occurred from February to April (dry season). Most plants opened a single flower per night, either every day or at one-day intervals during the flowering period. In natural conditions, the average fruit set amounted to almost half of the potential output, but individual fecundity (number of seeds) remained high. Seed number per fruit and germination capacity after artificial selfing and out-crossing treatments did not differ from natural pollination conditions. Werauhia gladioliflora exhibited high levels of autonomous self-pollination and self-compatibility at the individual and population level, characters associated with the epiphytic habitat. These reproductive traits are also associated with early colonizer species, yet life history traits, such as seed dispersal, seedling establishment success, and growth, are likely to have a major role in determining the presence of this species in the successional vegetation patches scattered over the studied premontane area.
在哥斯达黎加蒙特维德地区的山地森林中，对分布广泛的附生凤梨科植物剑叶韦氏凤梨的花期物候、果实和种子产量以及自交亲和性进行了研究。该物种呈现出蝙蝠传粉综合征，小型蝙蝠安德伍德长舌蝠和科氏长舌蝠（长舌蝠亚科）会对其进行访花。种群花期从10月持续到12月初（雨季结束时），种子传播发生在2月至4月（旱季）。大多数植株在花期每晚开放一朵花，要么每天开放，要么间隔一天开放。在自然条件下，平均坐果率几乎达到潜在产量的一半，但个体繁殖力（种子数量）仍然很高。人工自交和异交处理后每个果实的种子数量和发芽能力与自然授粉条件下并无差异。剑叶韦氏凤梨在个体和种群水平上表现出高度的自主自花授粉和自交亲和性，这些特征与附生生境相关。这些繁殖特性也与早期定居物种相关，但诸如种子传播、幼苗建立成功率和生长等生活史特征可能在决定该物种在研究的山地地区分散的演替植被斑块中的存在情况方面发挥主要作用。
