Friesen Chris Kelland, Ristic Jelena, Kingstone Alan
Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, ND, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2004 Apr;30(2):319-29. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.30.2.319.
The authors used counterpredictive cues to examine reflexive and volitional orienting to eyes and arrows. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of eyes with a novel design that allowed for a comparison of gazed-at (cued) target locations and likely (predicted) target locations against baseline locations that were not cued and not predicted. Attention shifted reflexively to the cued location and volitionally to the predicted location, and these 2 forms of orienting overlapped in time. Experiment 2 discovered that another well-learned directional stimulus, an arrow, produced a different effect: Attention was shifted only volitionally to the predicted location. The authors suggest that because there is a neural architecture specialized for processing eyes, gaze-triggered attention is more strongly reflexive than orienting to arrows.
作者使用反预测线索来检验对眼睛和箭头的反射性及自主性定向。实验1采用了一种新颖的设计来研究眼睛的影响，该设计允许将被注视（被提示）的目标位置和可能（被预测）的目标位置与未被提示和未被预测的基线位置进行比较。注意力会反射性地转移到被提示的位置，并自主性地转移到被预测的位置，且这两种定向形式在时间上有重叠。实验2发现，另一种人们熟知的定向刺激——箭头，产生了不同的效果：注意力仅自主性地转移到被预测的位置。作者认为，由于存在专门用于处理眼睛的神经结构，由注视引发的注意力比指向箭头的定向更具强烈的反射性。
