Eisdell Nicolette
University of Western Sydney, Australia and New Zealand Association of Psychotherapists, Sydney, Australia.
Psychol Psychother. 2005 Mar;78(Pt 1):1-19. doi: 10.1348/147608305X40840.
This paper illustrates a 'Conversational Model' of art therapy. The Conversational Model was jointly created by Robert Hobson and Russell Meares. It is a developmental theory unique in its clinical application. The focus of the paper is two sessions that altered the course of therapy. In these sessions, variations on Donald Winnicott's "squiggle-game" and Hobson's "party game" were used to engage an isolative, reluctant incarcerated patient. The interventions illustrate the basic tenets of the Conversational Model. The theoretical process--from disruption to repair--is visually recorded in the artwork. The central argument of the paper is that interactive art therapy interventions can be effective, when used appropriately. By engaging the patient in a 'visual' conversation, he/she may develop an emotional vocabulary, a prerequisite for a psychotherapeutic conversation. The paper begins with a brief historical overview of the interface between art and psychoanalysis, the context out of which 'art therapy'--a distinct body of theory--evolved. Theory interweaves with clinical material in a narrative style. What I say and do in therapy is aimed at promoting understanding: a 'conversation', a meeting between two experiencing subjects (an I and a Thou), here and now, in such a way that learning can be effective in other relationships. If, as I believe, psychotherapy is a matter of promoting a personal dialogue, then we need to know how to receive, express, and share feeling: how to learn a language of the heart in its 'minute particulars'.
本文阐述了艺术治疗的“对话模型”。该对话模型由罗伯特·霍布森和拉塞尔·米尔斯共同创建。它是一种在临床应用中独具特色的发展理论。本文重点讲述了两次改变治疗进程的疗程。在这些疗程中，对唐纳德·温尼科特的“涂鸦游戏”和霍布森的“派对游戏”进行了变体运用，以促使一名孤僻、不情愿接受治疗的住院患者参与进来。这些干预措施阐释了对话模型的基本原理。从混乱到修复的理论过程在艺术作品中得到了直观呈现。本文的核心观点是，互动式艺术治疗干预措施若运用得当，可能会产生效果。通过让患者参与一场“视觉”对话，他/她或许能够发展出一种情感词汇，这是心理治疗对话的一个先决条件。本文开篇简要回顾了艺术与精神分析之间的界面的历史，“艺术治疗”这一独特理论体系正是在这一背景下发展而来的。理论与临床素材以叙事风格交织在一起。我在治疗中所说所做旨在促进理解：一场“对话”，两个体验主体（一个“我”和一个“你”）此时此地的会面，方式是让学习在其他关系中也能产生效果。如果正如我所认为的，心理治疗是促进个人对话的问题，那么我们需要知道如何接收、表达和分享感受：如何在其“细微之处”学习内心的语言。
