Haeyen Suzanne, Chakhssi Farid, Van Hooren Susan
GGNet Centre of Mental Health, Apeldoorn, Netherlands.
KENVAK Research Centre for the Arts Therapies, Heerlen, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2020 Apr 15;11:686. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00686. eCollection 2020.
Art therapy is widely used and effective in the treatment of patients diagnosed with Personality Disorders (PDs). Current psychotherapeutic approaches may benefit from this additional therapy to improve their efficacy. But what is the patient perspective upon this therapy? This study explored perceived benefits of art therapy for patients with PDs to let the valuable perspective of patients be taken into account. Using a quantitative survey study over 3 months ( = 528), GLM repeated measures and overall hierarchical regression analyses showed that the majority of the patients reported quite a lot of benefit from art therapy (mean 3.70 on a 5-point Likert scale), primarily in emotional and social functioning. The improvements are concentrated in specific target goals of which the five highest scoring goals affected were: expression of emotions, improved (more stable/positive) self-image, making own choices/autonomy, recognition of, insight in, and changing of personal patterns of feelings, behaviors and thoughts and dealing with own limitations and/or vulnerability. Patients made it clear that they perceived these target areas as having been affected by art therapy and said so at both moments in time, with a higher score after 3 months. The extent of the perceived benefits is highly dependent for patients on factors such as a non-judgmental attitude on the part of the therapist, feeling that they are taken seriously, being given sufficient freedom of expression but at the same time being offered sufficient structure and an adequate basis. Age, gender, and diagnosis cluster did not predict the magnitude of perceived benefits. Art therapy provides equal advantages to a broad target group, and so this form of therapy can be broadly indicated. The experienced benefits and the increase over time was primarily associated with the degree to which patients perceive that they can give meaningful expression to feelings in their artwork. This provides an indication for the extent of the benefits a person can experience and can also serve as a clear guiding principle for interventions by the art therapist.
艺术疗法在诊断为人格障碍(PDs)的患者治疗中被广泛应用且效果显著。当前的心理治疗方法可能会从这种额外的疗法中受益,以提高其疗效。但是患者对这种疗法的看法是怎样的呢?本研究探讨了艺术疗法对人格障碍患者的感知益处,以便将患者的宝贵观点考虑在内。通过为期3个月的定量调查研究(n = 528),广义线性模型重复测量和总体层次回归分析表明,大多数患者报告从艺术疗法中获得了相当多的益处(在5点李克特量表上平均分为3.70),主要体现在情绪和社交功能方面。这些改善集中在特定的目标上,其中得分最高的五个目标是:情绪表达、改善(更稳定/积极)的自我形象、做出自己的选择/自主性、认识、洞察和改变个人的情感、行为和思维模式以及应对自身的局限性和/或脆弱性。患者明确表示,他们认为这些目标领域受到了艺术疗法的影响,并且在两个时间点都这样认为,3个月后的得分更高。患者感知到的益处程度在很大程度上取决于治疗师的非评判态度、感觉自己被认真对待、有足够的表达自由但同时又有足够的结构和适当的基础等因素。年龄、性别和诊断类别并不能预测感知益处的程度。艺术疗法为广泛的目标群体提供了同等的优势,因此这种治疗形式可以广泛应用。所体验到的益处以及随着时间的增加主要与患者认为自己能够在艺术作品中有意义地表达情感的程度相关。这表明了一个人可以体验到的益处程度,也可以作为艺术治疗师干预的明确指导原则。
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