Neumann H-D, Becker G, Lohmeyer M, Mathys W
Gemeindeunfallversicherungsverband Westfalen-Lippe, Salzmannstr. 156, D-48159 Münster, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2005 Apr 1;341(1-3):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.06.027.
The aim of the present research project was to investigate and evaluate technical and organisational measures targeted at bioaerosol reduction during the refuse collection and to determine the exposure of refuse collectors to dust, fungi and endotoxins in an on-the-job situation with different vehicle technologies and states of hygiene. The following technical factors were found to influence the bioaerosol concentration at the refuse collector's workplace: compaction method, lifting device control, rave rail height, hopper depth, design of intake area and dust interception. For instance, notably higher total fungal counts were recorded with rotating drum compaction than with packer plate compaction. A hinged lid closure at the lifting device in conjunction with a suction unit induced a positive effect. In addition, the automatic lifting system had a positive influence on rear-end loaders, as did loading operation control from the closed driver's cab on side loaders. Regular internal and external high-pressure cleaning of the lifting device at intervals of not more than 14 days is recommended as a basic rule for vehicle hygiene.
本研究项目的目的是调查和评估在垃圾收集过程中针对减少生物气溶胶的技术和组织措施，并确定在不同车辆技术和卫生状况的工作环境下，垃圾收集人员接触灰尘、真菌和内毒素的情况。研究发现，以下技术因素会影响垃圾收集人员工作场所的生物气溶胶浓度：压实方法、举升装置控制、侧板高度、料斗深度、进气区域设计和灰尘拦截。例如，记录显示，滚筒压实法产生的总真菌数量明显高于压板压实法。举升装置处的铰接式盖子关闭并结合抽吸单元会产生积极效果。此外，自动举升系统对后装式垃圾车有积极影响，侧装式垃圾车从封闭驾驶室进行装载操作控制也有积极影响。建议将举升装置每隔不超过14天进行一次定期的内部和外部高压清洁作为车辆卫生的基本规则。
