Tangney J P, Wagner P, Fletcher C, Gramzow R
Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1992 Apr;62(4):669-75. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.62.4.669.
The relation of shame and guilt to anger and aggression has been the focus of considerable theoretical discussion, but empirical findings have been inconsistent. Two recently developed measures of affective style were used to examine whether shame-proneness and guilt-proneness are differentially related to anger, hostility, and aggression. In 2 studies, 243 and 252 undergraduates completed the Self-Conscious Affect and Attribution Inventory, the Symptom Checklist 90, and the Spielberger Trait Anger Scale. Study 2 also included the Test of Self-Conscious Affect and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. Shame-proneness was consistently correlated with anger arousal, suspiciousness, resentment, irritability, a tendency to blame others for negative events, and indirect (but not direct) expressions of hostility. Proneness to "shame-free" guilt was inversely related to externalization of blame and some indices of anger, hostility, and resentment.
羞耻感和内疚感与愤怒及攻击性之间的关系一直是大量理论讨论的焦点，但实证研究结果并不一致。两项最近开发的情感风格测量方法被用于检验羞耻倾向和内疚倾向是否与愤怒、敌意及攻击性存在不同的关联。在两项研究中，243名和252名本科生完成了自我意识情感与归因量表、症状自评量表90以及斯皮尔伯格特质愤怒量表。研究2还包括自我意识情感测试和巴斯-杜克敌意量表。羞耻倾向始终与愤怒唤起、猜疑、怨恨、易怒、将负面事件归咎于他人的倾向以及间接（而非直接）的敌意表达相关。“无羞耻感”内疚倾向与指责外化以及愤怒、敌意和怨恨的某些指标呈负相关。
