Wechsler H, Isaac N
Department of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
JAMA. 1992 Jun 3;267(21):2929-31. doi: 10.1001/jama.267.21.2929.
To compare drinking patterns among college freshmen with those found among students at similar schools 12 years ago, and to describe in detail the differences between "binge" drinkers and "nonbinge" drinkers.
Mailed survey.
Fourteen 4-year colleges in Massachusetts.
A total of 1669 first-year college students.
The survey instrument contains a variety of self-report measures of drinking behaviors, attitudes, and consequences. "Binge" drinking is defined as the consumption of five or more drinks on one or more occasions in the past 2 weeks.
The proportion of "frequent-heavy" drinkers remained constant between the 1977 and 1989 surveys (30% vs 31% of men; 13% vs 14% of women), but today's students get intoxicated more often and are more motivated to drink to get drunk. The proportion of students who said "to get drunk" was a "somewhat" or "very important" reason for drinking was two to three times as high in 1989 as in 1977. Among students surveyed in 1989, binge drinkers drank greater quantities, with greater regularity, and experienced more intoxication and alcohol-associated problems than did nonbinge drinkers. Close to half of the binge drinkers (46.5% of men, 48.3% of women) were drunk twice or more in the past month, compared with 5% or fewer of the nonbinge drinkers.
The stability over time of the prevalence of frequent heavy drinking among college students indicates an apparent failure of both social and institutional policies to alter this behavior. Binge drinkers in particular appear to be a population whose drinking patterns and attitudes place them and those around them at increased risk for adverse consequences.
比较大学新生的饮酒模式与12年前类似学校学生的饮酒模式，并详细描述“狂饮”者与“非狂饮”者之间的差异。
邮寄调查。
马萨诸塞州的14所四年制大学。
共1669名大学一年级学生。
调查工具包含多种关于饮酒行为、态度及后果的自我报告指标。“狂饮”定义为在过去两周内有一次或多次饮用五杯及以上酒的情况。
在1977年和1989年的调查中，“频繁大量”饮酒者的比例保持不变（男性分别为30%和31%；女性分别为13%和14%），但如今的学生更容易喝醉，且更倾向于为了喝醉而饮酒。称“为了喝醉”是饮酒“有点”或“非常重要”原因的学生比例，1989年是1977年的两到三倍。在1989年接受调查的学生中，狂饮者饮酒量更大、频率更高，且比非狂饮者更容易喝醉并出现与酒精相关的问题。近一半的狂饮者（男性为46.5%，女性为48.3%）在过去一个月内喝醉过两次或更多次，而非狂饮者中这一比例为5%或更低。
大学生频繁大量饮酒患病率随时间的稳定性表明，社会和学校政策在改变这种行为方面显然是失败的。尤其是狂饮者，他们的饮酒模式和态度似乎使他们及周围的人面临更多不良后果的风险。
