Boulouis Henri-Jean, Chang Chao-Chin, Henn Jennifer B, Kasten Rickie W, Chomel Bruno B
Microbiologie-Immunologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Vet Res. 2005 May-Jun;36(3):383-410. doi: 10.1051/vetres:2005009.
Within the last 15 years, several bacteria of the genus Bartonella were recognized as zoonotic agents in humans and isolated from various mammalian reservoirs. Based on either isolation of the bacterium or PCR testing, eight Bartonella species or subspecies have been recognized as zoonotic agents, including B. henselae, B. elizabethae, B. grahamii, B. vinsonii subsp. arupensis, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, B. grahamii, B. washoensis and more recently B. koehlerae. The present manuscript reviews the factors associated with the emergence of these zoonotic pathogens, including better diagnostic tools and methods to identify these fastidious bacteria, host immunosuppression (caused by infectious agents, cancer, aging or induced by immunosuppressive drugs), the interaction of co-infection by several infectious agents that may enhanced the pathogenecity of these bacteria, increased outdoor activity leading to exposure to wildlife reservoirs or vectors, poverty and low income associated with infestation by various ectoparasites, such as body lice and finally the dispersal of Bartonellae around the world. Furthermore, a description of the main epidemiological and clinical features of zoonotic Bartonellae is given. Finally, the main means for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these diseases are presented.
在过去15年里，巴尔通体属的几种细菌被确认为人类的人畜共患病原体，并从各种哺乳动物宿主中分离出来。基于细菌分离或聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测，8种巴尔通体物种或亚种已被确认为人畜共患病原体，包括汉赛巴尔通体、伊丽莎白巴尔通体、格雷厄姆巴尔通体、文森巴尔通体阿鲁彭西斯亚种、文森巴尔通体伯克霍夫亚种、格雷厄姆巴尔通体、瓦肖巴尔通体，以及最近发现的克勒拉巴尔通体。本手稿综述了与这些人畜共患病原体出现相关的因素，包括用于鉴定这些苛求细菌的更好的诊断工具和方法、宿主免疫抑制（由感染因子、癌症、衰老或免疫抑制药物诱导引起）、几种感染因子共同感染的相互作用可能增强这些细菌的致病性、户外活动增加导致接触野生动物宿主或媒介、与各种体外寄生虫（如体虱）侵扰相关的贫困和低收入，以及最后巴尔通体在全球的传播。此外，还介绍了人畜共患巴尔通体的主要流行病学和临床特征。最后，介绍了这些疾病的主要诊断、治疗和预防方法。
