Lavoué Jérôme, Beaudry Charles, Goyer Nicole, Perrault Guy, Gérin Michel
Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire en santé (GRIS), Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal (QC) H3C 3J7, Canada.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2005 Oct;49(7):587-602. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mei014. Epub 2005 Apr 21.
Past and present formaldehyde measurements made in facilities manufacturing reconstituted wood panels in Quebec have been collected in order to assess formaldehyde exposure and its determinants in this industry.
All 12 plants manufacturing Oriented-strand board (OSB), Medium density fibreboard (MDF) and Particle board (PB) in Quebec were visited by a research team which took area and personal measurements. Past measurements taken by governmental occupational health teams in these plants were also collected. Log-transformed formaldehyde concentrations were analysed with extended linear mixed-effects models.
During 2001-2002, 275 measurements were taken by the research team, while 590 measurements dating back to 1984 were collected from governmental files. The area measurements had a global geometric mean (GM) of 0.28 p.p.m. [geometric standard deviation (GSD): 3.1]. The GM of the personal measurements was 0.17 p.p.m. (GSD: 2.3). The fixed-effects of the models for personal and area measurements explained 61 and 57% of the variance, respectively. Job (working area for area concentrations), process (PB, MDF, OSB), season of sampling, origin of the data (research, governmental) and year of sampling were significant determinants of exposure. Proximity to the press, winter conditions, PB and MDF processes and governmental data resulted in the highest exposures. Significant within-sampling campaign correlation was found for both personal and area models. The final models include different residual variances by process for personal measurements and by working area for area measurements.
Several determinants of exposure to formaldehyde in the reconstituted wood panel industry were successfully identified. Higher levels found in governmental data as compared to research data may be explained by a 'worst-case' strategy bias. The observed intra-sampling campaign correlation supports existing results suggesting that measurements taken in a small time frame tend to be correlated. Exposures in this sector are low compared to most 8 h-TWA occupational exposure limits (e.g. 1 p.p.m.) but close to the most demanding ones (e.g. 0.3 p.p.m.).
收集魁北克省重组木板材制造设施过去和现在的甲醛测量数据，以评估该行业的甲醛暴露情况及其影响因素。
一个研究团队走访了魁北克省所有12家制造定向刨花板（OSB）、中密度纤维板（MDF）和刨花板（PB）的工厂，进行了区域和个人测量。还收集了政府职业健康团队过去在这些工厂进行的测量数据。使用扩展线性混合效应模型对经对数转换的甲醛浓度进行分析。
在2001 - 2002年期间，研究团队进行了275次测量，同时从政府档案中收集了可追溯到1984年的590次测量数据。区域测量的总体几何均值（GM）为0.28 ppm [几何标准差（GSD）：3.1]。个人测量的GM为0.17 ppm（GSD：2.3）。个人和区域测量模型的固定效应分别解释了61%和57%的方差。工作岗位（区域浓度的工作区域）、工艺（PB、MDF、OSB）、采样季节、数据来源（研究、政府）和采样年份是暴露的重要决定因素。靠近压机、冬季条件、PB和MDF工艺以及政府数据导致最高暴露水平。在个人和区域模型中均发现采样期间存在显著相关性。最终模型包括按工艺划分的个人测量不同残差方差和按工作区域划分的区域测量不同残差方差。
成功识别了重组木板材行业甲醛暴露的几个决定因素。与研究数据相比，政府数据中发现的较高水平可能由“最坏情况”策略偏差来解释。观察到的采样期间相关性支持了现有结果，表明在短时间内进行的测量往往具有相关性。与大多数8小时时间加权平均职业接触限值（例如1 ppm）相比，该行业的暴露水平较低，但接近要求最严格的限值（例如0.3 ppm）。
